HINTS 


HOUSE 


KEEPERS 


'BERKELEY  ^ 
LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF 
CAUFORNIA 


Resources  Library 


HINTS  FOR 
HOUSEKEEPERS 


COMPILED   AND   EDITED    UNDER    THE 
AUSPICES   OF   THE 


WOMEN'S  AUXILIARY  OF  THE 

HOSPITAL  OF  THE  GOOD 

SHEPHERD 


MRS.  CHARLES  ANDREWS 

AND 

MRS.  E.  F.  SOUTHWORTH 


, 


Copyright  1904  by 

THE  WOMEN'S  AUXILIARY  OF  THE 
HOSPITAL  OF  THE  GOOD  SHEPHERD 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


3  -  t*7 -o 


PREFACE 

The  Women's  Auxiliary  of  the  Hospital  of  the  Good 
Shepherd  of  Syracuse,  have  established  a  free  bed,  for 
the  use  of  patients  in  the  Hospital,  men  or  women,  who 
cannot  provide  for  themselves.  They  are  seeking  to 
endow  the  bed,  so  as  to  ensure  its  maintenance.  In  aid 
of  this  movement,  this  book,  "Hints  for  Housekeepers/' 
has  been  compiled  and  edited,  embodying  the  results  of 
practical  experience.  It  covers  a  great  variety  of  topics 
on  subjects  of  every  day  importance  in  the  management 
of  the  household,— and  it  is  believed  that  the  book  will 
be  of  great  value  in  the  family  and  the  home.  It  has 
been  thought  best  to  issue  it  at  a  moderate  cost,  so  as  to 
promote  a  wide  circulation.  The  Women's  Auxiliary 
confidently  present  the  book  to  the  public,  in  the  belief 
that  its  merits  justify  the  undertaking.  We  are  in- 
debted to  Mrs.  Mary  Cowles  Clark  for  the  cover  and 
title  page  designs. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


CARE  OF  FURNACE  AND  RANGE. 

The  Furnace 2 

The  Range 2 

THE  LAUNDRY. 

Care  of  Tubs 6 

Wringer 6 

Starch 6 

Laundry  Work  in  Winter 7 

Summer  Washing 10 

Washing  Blankets 11 

To  Wash  an  Eiderdown  Quilt 11 

Washing  Wash-Silk , 11 

How  to  Wash  Silk  Handkerchiefs 12 

To  Wash  Cashmere 12 

To  Prevent  Fading 18 

Egg  Stains 13 

Oil  Stains 14 

Grass  Stains 14 

Mildew 14 

Tea,  Coffee  Stains,  etc 15 

Fruit  Stains 15 

General  Hints  on  Laundry  Work 16 

THE  KITCHEN. 

Beautifying  the  Kitchen 18 

Charcoal  as  a  Purifier 19 

To  Cleanse  the  Kitchen 20 

Care  of  Cooking  Utensils 21 

Heating  Dishes 22 

Care  of  the  Broom 22 

The  Refrigerator 22 

Kitchen  Helps 23 


CULINARY  HINTS. 

Time  Table  for  Cooking  Meats 26 

A  Table  of  Weights  and  Measures 27 

A  Table  of  Proportions 28 

Temperature  of  Ovens 29 

Concerning  Pies 29 

Concerning  Fish 30 

Useful  Information 30 

A  FEW  EECEIPTS. 

Ham 36 

Bacon 36 

Barley  Gruel 37 

Cabbage 37 

Quince  Cordial 38 

Apple  Jelly 38 

Coupe  Jacque 39 

Curry 39 

Sandwiches 39 

SERVING  A  DINNER  AND  DUTIES  OF  A  WAITRESS. 

Serving  a  Dinner 42 

Duties  of  the  Waitress 45 

HOUSEHOLD  HINTS. 

Cleaning  of  Windows 47 

Care  of  Cut  Glass 47 

To  Brighten  Table  Silver 48 

To  Cleanse  Pewter 49 

Furniture  and  its  Stains 49 

To  Clean  the  Hearth 51 

Care  of  Wood  Work 52 

Cleaning  Hard  Wood  Floors 52 

For  Polishing  Hard  Wood  Floors 53 

Rugs,  Carpets  and  Mattings 53 

Polish  for  Linoleum 55 

Care  of  the  Walls 55 

Pictures  and  Their  Frames 56 

The  Care  of  Lamps 57 

To  Cleanse  Metal  Ornaments 57 

Screen  Doors  and  Windows 58 

vi 


HOUSEHOLD  HINTS  (Continued). 

Two  Ways  to  Clean  a  Sponge 58 

Plaster  Casts  and  Their  Care 59 

To  Mend  China  or  Marble 59 

A  Home-Made  Cement 60 

Javelle  Water 61 

A  Simple  Way  to  Avoid  Dust 61 

Use  for  newspapers 62 

To  Loosen  a  Glass  Stopper 62 

To  Soften  Water 63 

Cleaning  the  Cellar 63 

Things  It  Is  Well  to  Know 63 

CARE  OF  BOOKS. 

To  Remove  Ink  Stains 70 

To  Remove  Grease  or  Wax  Spots 70 

Polishing  Old  Bindings 70 

To  Keep  Ink  From  Freezing 70 

To  Make  Old  Writing  Legible 70 

Notes  . .  71 


DISINFECTION  AND  HOUSE  PESTS. 

Disinfection  of  Sleeping  Rooms 73 

House  Pests 74 

The  Buffalo  Moth 74 

The  Ordinary  Moih 75 

Roaches 77 

Bed-Bugs 77 

Mice 77 

Ants 78 

STAINS. 

To  Remove  Rust 80 

Pitch  and  Tar  Stains 81 

Grass  Stains 82 

Oil  Stains 82 

Mildew 82 

Ink  Stains 82 

Fruit  Stains 83 

vii 


STAINS  (Continued) 

Coffee  and  Milk  Spots 84 

Grease  Stains 84 

Paint 84 

Medicine  Stains 84 

Soot 84 

Stains  on  China 84 

Stains  on  Marble 85 

CARE  OF  THE  WARDROBE. 

Furs  and  Their  Care 87 

The  Treatment  of  Jewelry 88 

Laces — Old  and  New 89 

To  Clean  Velvet 95 

Gloves 95 

To  Wash  Silk  Stockings 96 

To  Polish  Steel  Buckles  and  Buttons 96 

To  Relieve  the  Pinch  of  a  Shoe 96 

Restoring  a  Waterproof 97 

Things  Worth  Knowing 97 

CARE  OP  THE  PERSON. 

A  Good  Complexion 101 

Tender  Feet 103 

Care  of  the  Hands 104 

To  Have  Healthy  Hair 105 

Proper  Exercise 107 

Two  Good  Dentifrices 110 

To  Cultivate  a  Low  Voice 110 

An  Excellent  "Night-Cap"   '. . . .  112 

For  a  Hard  Corn 113 

A  Remedy  for  Moth  Patches 113 

Sunburn  Wash .113 

Regarding  Soap 113 

A  HOUSEHOLD  MEDICINE  CHEST  AND  ITS  USES. 

Household  Medicine  Chest 115 

Materials 116 

Use  of  the  Medicine  Chest 116 

Notes 120 

WEATHER  SIGNS 122 

viii 


CARE  OF  THE  FURNACE 
AND  RANGE 


CARE  OF  THE  FURNACE  AND  RANGE 

THE  FURNACE 

The  furnace  should  be  of  ample  capacity  so  that  it 
does  not  have  to  be  forced  in  the  coldest  weather. 

A  large  body  of  coal  burning  moderately  is  more  eco- 
nomical and  gives  better  results,  than  a  small  quantity 
burning  rapidly. 

It  is  better  to  keep  the  house  warm  during  the  night, 
than  to  shut  off  all  the  draft  and  force  the  furnace  in  the 
morning,  in  the  effort  to  get  the  house  warm  before 
noon.  It  takes  less  coal  and  saves  wear  and  tear  on  the 
furnace— to  say  nothing  about  comfort. 

If  the  furnace  is  of  proper  size,  it  is  usually  sufficient 
to  fix  the  fire  twice  daily— morning  and  night— provided 
enough  coal  is  put  on.  This  is  more  economical  than 
frequently  putting  on  small  quantities. 

Do  not  fill  your  house  with  gas,  injuring  your  health 
and  suffering  discomfort,  in  the  effort  to  save  a  few 
pounds  of  coal. 

THE  RANGE 

There  is  a  great  difference  between  the  ranges  of  to- 
day and  those  which  were  used  a  generation  ago  and 
which  had  to  be  "black-leaded"  at  stated  intervals  to 
be  kept  in  order.  A  great  many  of  the  cooking  stoves 


of  to-day  with  polished  tops  need  only  to  be  washed  off 
with  soap  and  water.  Still,  the  majority  in  practical 
use  are  blackened,  or,  what  is  more  objectionable,  enam- 
eled. The  last  device,  enameling,  seems  to  have  been  in- 
vented merely  to  conceal  grease  and  other  stains.  Good 
housekeepers  have  long  ago  learned  that  no  stove  or  gas 
range  can  be  kept  clean,  unless  it  is  washed  with  soap 
and  water  and  scraped  before  it  is  polished.  When 
grease  is  spilled  on  the  stove  and  is  rubbed  off  quickly 
with  a  hard  cotton  cloth,  it  soon  disappears,  and  if  the 
stove  is  hot  it  is  not  necessary  to  wash  it  off.  A  few 
drops  of  kerosene  put  on  the  cloth  will  often  remove  an 
obstinate  grease  spot. 

It  is  difficult  to  get  coal  that  does  not  clinker.  These 
clinkers  may  be  easily  removed  by  putting  an  oyster 
shell  occasionally  in  the  stove  when  the  fire  is  burning 
brightly.  The  fumes  arising  from  the  oyster  shell  clean 
off  the  bricks. 

In  all  houses  the  oven  should  be  well  scrubbed  out 
after  cooking,  with  hot  soda  water  and  soap.  Any  hard 
substance  which  is  caked  on  to  the  baking  sheets  should 
be  scraped  off  with  an  old  knife.  It  is  really  very  sim- 
ple to  have  the  oven  scrubbed  out  while  it  is  still  hot, 
after  baking  a  joint,  etc.,  and  many  disagreeable  smells 
are  avoided  by  this  practice.  For  this  purpose  a  long 
brush,  such  as  is  used  to  clean  carriage  wheels,  is  useful. 
With  it  the  back  wall  of  an  oven  can  easily  be  reached 
and  the  danger  of  burnt  hands  avoided. 

When  cleaning  the  bars  of  a  new  or  rough  stove,  if 


they  are  first  rubbed  over  with  a  cloth  dipped  in  vinegar 
and  water  the  black  lead  will  be  found  to  adhere,  and  a 
brilliant  polish  will  be  the  result. 

Cracks  in  a  cooking  stove  can  be  satisfactorily  filled 
by  a  paste  made  of  six  parts  common  wood  ashes  to  one 
part  of  table  salt,  mixed  with  cold  water.  Properly 
mixed,  it  will  prove  lasting  and  will  take  blacking. 

Salt  thrown  on  a  coal  fire  which  is  low  will  revive  it. 

Salt  puts  out  a  fire  in  the  chimney. 


THE  LAUNDRY 


THE  LAUNDRY 

CARE  OF  THE  TUBS 

Galvanized  iron  tubs  can  be  cleansed  by  scrubbing 
with  hot  vinegar  and  soda,  allowing  the  mixture  to  re- 
main on  for  a  time,  then  washing  in  hot  strong  soapsuds 
and  wiping  dry. 

THE  CLOTHES  WRINGER 

Clean  the  rollers  to  the  clothes  wringer  with  kero- 
sene and  be  careful  to  wipe  off  all  superfluous  oil  from 
the  cogs  and  crank,  that  the  clothes  may  not  be  soiled 
by  oil  that  has  been  on  the  cogs. 

STARCH 

Hot  water  starch  is  very  easily  made.  Mix  with 
enough  cold  water  to  make  a  cream,  one  tablespoonful 
of  starch,  half  a  teaspoonful  of  borax  and  a  quarter  of 
a  teaspoonful  of  finely  shredded  tallow  candle  or  wax. 
Add  enough  boiling  water  to  cook  the  starch,  and  pour 
on  boiling  water,  mixing  thoroughly  till  the  starch  is 
clear. 

Hot  starch  is  very  hurtful  to  delicate  colors;  make 
and  set  aside  to  become  lukewarm  before  using. 

If  the  starch  is  mixed  with  soapy  water  and  a  table- 
spoonful  of  sugar  added,  the  iron  will  not  stick  and  the 


goods  stay  stiff  longer,  since  sugar  will  not  absorb  mois- 
ture so  readily  as  salt,  which  many  use. 

LAUNDRY  WORK  IN  WINTER 

Laundry  work  in  winter  and  laundry  work  in  sum- 
mer are  two  diametrically  different  things.  In  summer, 
clothes  can  be  bleached  on  the  grass  and  dried  in  the 
warm  sunshine,  and  while  they  are  whiter  for  being 
frozen  and  thawed,  there  is  seldom  warmth  enough  in 
the  depth  of  winter  to  thaw  them  on  the  line,  and  if  they 
are  handled  in  the  frozen  state  they  are  apt  to  crack. 
For  this  reason  good  housekeepers  will  not  allow  fine 
table  linen  to  be  dried  out  of  doors  in  the  winter,  even 
though  it  may  be  slightly  yellowed  by  indoor  drying. 

Fine  handkerchiefs  are  very  easily  torn,  and  delicate 
underwear  can  be  ruined  more  quickly  by  being  taken 
from  the  lines  and  folded  when  frozen,  than  in  any  other 
way. 

If  white  cotton  garments  are  much  stained,  freezing 
will  restore  them  to  their  proper  color,  and  if  there  is 
time  they  can  be  left  out  on  the  lines  until  they  freeze 
hard  and  thaw  out,  provided  they  are  not  handled  in  a 
frozen  state,  or  left  to  flap  about  in  the  wind.  Loosely 
woven  materials,  like  stockinette,  may  also  be  left  out- 
doors on  the  lines  until  they  are  dry  enough  to  bring 
into  the  house. 

A  large  laundry  is  a  very  useful  place  in  winter,  as 
the  clothes  can  be  dried  there  and  the  danger  of  freez- 
ing avoided.  Such  a  room  is  also  very  useful  for  iron- 


ing  in  hot  weather.  It  should  be  provided  with  a  laun- 
dry stove  and  the  fire  kept  up  until  the  clothes  are  dried. 

About  once  a  month  is  often  enough  to  blue  clothes 
in  winter,  and  the  old  fashioned  indigo  bag,  which  costs 
only  a  few  cents,  is  the  best  thing  to  use  at  any  time. 

Put  a  teaspoonf ul  of  borax  in  your  rinsing  water.  It 
will  whiten  the  clothes  and  also  remove  the  yellow  cast 
on  garments  that  have  been  laid  aside  for  two  or  three 
years. 

Many  excellent  housekeepers  disagree  as  to  the  best 
method  of  washing  white  clothes.  Some  of  them  prefer 
to  soak  their  clothes  over  night  in  cold  water.  Others 
who  are  equally  good  managers,  after  examining  each 
piece  to  see  if  there  are  any  stains  or  spots  that  need 
special  attention,  plunge  them  into  boiling  hot  soapsuds 
and  let  them  stand  for  several  hours,  or  over  night.  This 
latter  method  seems  to  draw  out  the  dirt  quite  thor- 
oughly, as  the  water  itself  will  attest  next  morning. 
The  clothes  are  then  lifted  out  of  this  water  into  clean 
warm  water,  and  the  few  soiled  places  that  remain  are 
rubbed  out  and  the  clothes  are  put  in  the  boiler  to  come 
to  the  boiling  point.  If  the  water  is  hard,  a  tablespoon- 
ful  of  washing  soda,  but  no  more,  should  be  added  to 
every  gallon  of  water  in  the  boiler,  the  soda  being  first 
dissolved  in  a  little  boiling  water.  If  it  is  put  in  without 
dissolving  it  may  eat  a  hole  in  the  clothes.  If  the  water 
is  soft,  a  little  melted  soap  should  be  used  instead  of 
soda,  and  soap  should  be  rubbed  over  each  piece  as  it  is 
put  in  the  boiler.  Very  few  of  the  best  laundresses  boil 


their  clothes  longer  than  three  minutes,  just  long  enough 
to  allow  them  to  be  thoroughly  scalded.  Longer  boil- 
ing only  tends  to  make  white  clothes  yellow.  When  the 
clothes  are  taken  from  the  boiler  the  water  they  were 
boiled  in  should  be  poured  over  them,  and  they  should 
be  allowed  to  stand  in  it  several  hours,  or  over  night.  No 
one  who  does  this  will  be  troubled  with  yellow  clothes. 
There  is  no  better  way  to  bleach  them  in  winter. 

For  washing  fine  nice  flannels,  nothing  will  cause 
them  to  look  so  nice,  as  borax  in  the  water,  a  tablespoon- 
ful  of  borax  to  a  pail  of  water  being  the  right  propor- 
tion. Always  wash  a  baby's  little  flannel  skirts,  shirts, 
etc.,  in  this. 

Ammonia  in  water  keeps  flannels  soft. 

It  is  much  better  and  easier  to  scrub  soiled  flannels 
with  a  small  brush,  than  it  is  to  rub  them  clean  on  a 
board.  A  rather  stiff  brush  about  four  or  five  inches 
long  is  the  best  article  for  this  purpose.  Scrub  the 
bands  and  seams,  of  heavy  woolen  shirts,  as  well  as  those 
of  cotton,  in  this  way.  This  small  brush  is  excellent  in 
washing  corsets,  or  any  heavy  pieces  that  are  difficult  to 
rub  on  a  board. 

Flannels  and  woolen  stockinette  ought  to  be  dried 
on  wooden  frames,  which  any  carpenter  will  make,  and 
which  will  prevent  shrinking.  This  is  because  the  ulti- 
mate fibre  of  wool  is  spiral,  the  drawing  up  and  inter- 
locking of  the  fibres  being  what  constitutes  shrinkage. 
In  underwear  factories  the  garments  are  always  washed 


and  dried  on  frames,  so  that  they  may  be  offered  soft 
and  unshrunken  for  sale. 

Another  way  to  dry  woolens,  is  to  hang  the  garments 
on  the  line  dripping  wet,  without  wringing  out  at  all. 
If  dried  in  this  way,  the  shrinkage  will  be  so  slight  as  to 
be  almost  unnoticeable. 

SUMMER  WASHING 

Summer  is  the  season  when,  more  than  any  other 
time  of  the  year,  the  weekly  "  wash  "  should  be  looked 
over  carefully  and  everything  containing  a  suspicion  of 
fruit  stain,  be  sorted  in  a  separate  pile.  Especially  is 
this  true  of  table  linen.  Once  a  fruit  stain  is  set  by  suds 
it  is  well-nigh  hopeless.  Boiling  water  poured  from  a 
height  through  such  a  spot  will  remove  it.  Arrange 
the  cloth  containing  it  over  a  wide-mouthed  bowl,  and 
hold  the  tea  kettle  above  it  as  high  as  possible,  pouring 
slowly.  Handkerchiefs  at  this  time  of  year  are  apt  to 
become  yellow  from  perspiration.  If  allowed  to  soak 
in  a  dilution  of  javelle  water  for  a  time,  after  they  are 
washed,  and  then  rinsed  and  dried  in  the  sun,  their  orig- 
inal whiteness  will  be  restored.  For  stubborn  stains  of 
almost  any  kind,  a  weak  solution  of  oxalic  acid  may  be 
used,  but  this  is  a  last  resort,  as  the  acid  is  apt  to  weaken 
the  fabric. 

All  colored  garments  should  be  dried  in  the  shade 
and  ironed  on  the  wrong  side.  Before  ironing,  the  gar- 
ment should  be  thoroughly  dampened  with  cold  water, 

10 


and  laid  aside  for  an  hour,  so  that  the  water  may  be 
evenly  distributed. 

WASHING  BLANKETS 

Blankets  washed  in  the  following  way  are  soft  and 
light  as  new:  dissolve  one  tablespoonful  of  pulverized 
borax  and  one  pint  of  soft  soap ;  make  a  strong  suds  in 
cold  water ;  put  in  the  blankets  and  let  them  remain  all 
night.  In  the  morning  work  them  up  and  down  with 
the  hands  and  put  them  into  another  tub  of  cold  water ; 
rinse  them  through  three  waters  and  hang  them  up  with- 
out wringing.  When  they  have  hung  a  little  while  turn 
them  half  round.  Choose  a  sunny  day  with  some  breeze. 

TO  WASH  AN  EIDERDOWN  QUILT 

To  wash  an  eiderdown  quilt,  make  a  good  lather  of 
soap  jelly  (boiled  soap)  and  warm  water,  and  add  to  it 
a  little  borax  or  ammonia.  Into  this  put  the  quilt,  and 
knead  it  about.  Repeat  the  process  in  fresh  suds  if  very 
soiled.  Then  rinse  all  the  soap  out  with  two  or  three 
changes  of  water,  shake  and  hang  out  to  dry.  During 
the  drying  and  afterwards,  shake  the  quilt  well,  and  it 
will  be  as  full  looking  and  soft  as  when  new. 

WASHING  WASH-SILK 

In  these  days  when  wash-silks  are  in  common  use  a 
few  words  in  regard  to  washing  them  may  be  of  interest. 
As  silk  is  an  animal  fibre,  like  wool,  it  cannot  be  treated 
in  the  same  way  as  cotton,  which  may  be  subjected  to 
water  of  all  temperatures  without  injury.  Silk  should 

11 


be  washed  as  rapidly  as  possible.  Examine  the  articles 
to  be  washed  and  if  there  are  any  parts  especially  soiled, 
clean  them  with  a  little  benzine  or  gasoline,  applied  with 
a  flannel  cloth.  Then  prepare  a  soapsuds  of  lukewarm 
water  and  plunge  the  garments  in  it,  sousing  them  up 
and  down,  and  rubbing  them  thoroughly  in  this  suds. 
Rinse  them  in  a  water  a  little  cooler  and  then  in  a 
third  water  still  a  little  cooler  and  so  on  until  the  final 
rinsing  water  is  perfectly  cold.  Do  not  blue  them. 
Wring  them  out  as  dry  as  possible  with  a  machine.  Lay 
them  in  sheets  or  other  heavy  cloths,  and  roll  them  as 
hard  as  you  can  in  firm  rolls.  Put  them  away  for  an 
hour,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time  iron  them  on  the  wrong 
side. 

HOW    TO   WASH   SILK    HANDKERCHIEFS 

Silk  handkerchiefs  should  be  soaked  for  a  short  time 
in  a  prepared  lather  of  boiled  soap  and  warm  water. 
They  should  then  be  squeezed  out  with  the  hands  and 
rinsed  in  cold  water,  to  which  two  tablespoonfuls  of  al- 
cohol are  added  to  every  quart,  after  which  they  should 
be  squeezed  as  dry  as  possible,  but  not  wrung.  Finally, 
they  should  be  laid  in  cotton,  rolled  up,  and  ironed  as 
soon  as  possible  on  the  wrong  side,  with  a  cloth  between 
the  iron  and  the  silk. 

TO  WASH  CASHMERE 

In  washing  cashmere  or  wool  goods  put  a  little  borax 
in  the  water.  This  will  cleanse  them  much  more  easily 
and  better,  without  injury  to  the  colors.  Do  not  rub 

12 


them  on  a  board,  but  use  the  hands,  and  throw  on  a  line 
without  wringing.  Press  them  on  the  wrong  side,  and 
they  will  look  almost  like  new. 

TO  PREVENT  FADING 

It  is  well  to  remember  in  treating  wash  fabrics  that 
alum  used  in  the  rinsing  water  will  prevent  green  from 
fading ;  a  handful  of  salt  thrown  into  the  rinsing  water 
will  set  blue ;  ox  gall  may  be  used  for  gray  and  brown. 
For  washing  tan  or  brown  linen,  hay  water  is  good  to 
use.  This  is  made  by  pouring  boiling  water  over  hay. 

A  little  borax  put  in  the  water  before  washing  red, 
or  red-bordered  tablecloths  and  napkins,  will  prevent 
their  fading. 

Vinegar  will  "  set"  dubious  greens  and  blues  in 
ginghams. 

Modern  processes  have  not  devised  any  surer  way  to 
wash  blue  cottons,  calicoes,  muslins  and  the  like,  than  the 
old  fashioned  practice  of  soaking  them  an  hour  in  a  pail 
of  water  to  which  a  teaspoonful  of  sugar  of  lead  has  been 
added.  Red  calicoes  may  be  soaked  in  strong  borax 
water.  The  caution  must  always  be  repeated  that  great 
care  should  be  taken  in  the  use  of  sugar  of  lead,  which  is 
a  virulent  poison.  The  housekeeper  herself  should  use 
the  lead,  taking  proper  care  afterwards  of  the  package, 
rather  than  trust  it  in  the  kitchen  pantry. 

EGG  STAINS 

In  washing  table  linen,  or  any  cloth  stained  with  egg, 
avoid  putting  it  in  boiling  water,  which  will  set  the 

13 


stain.  Put  the  cloth  in  cold  water  and  the  stain  can  be 
very  easily  removed.  The  same  rule  applies  to  egg  cups 
and  any  dishes  stained  with  egg.  If  they  are  set  with 
the  other  china  into  hot  dish-water  the  stain  will  harden, 
and  it  requires  considerable  patience  to  remove  it.  Egg 
stains  come  out  easily  in  cold  water. 

OIL  STAINS 

Wash  spots  on  clothing  caused  by  machine  oil,  with 
cold  rain  water  and  soap.  This  method  may  safely  be 
tried  when  other  means  would  not  be  advisable,  owing 
to  colors  running. 

GRASS  STAINS  AND  MILDEW 

When  the  children's  last  summer  garments  are 
brought  out  there  will  be  many  stains  found  upon  them, 
which  it  is  a  difficult  matter  to  remove  after  they  have 
become  set  in  the  fabric,  but  it  may  be  done  quite  suc- 
cessfully with  persistent  effort.  To  take  out  grass 
stains,  wet  the  spots,  then  rub  on  soft  soap  and  baking 
soda.  To  remove  mildew,  soak  the  parts  that  are  dis- 
colored in  a  weak  solution  of  chloride  of  lime.  Then 
place  the  garments  in  the  sun. 

Mildew  is  the  result  of  carelessness,  but  is  not  un- 
common in  a  large  household.  It  will  sometimes  yield 
to  sunshine  and  lemon  juice,  but  not  always.  As  a  last 
resort  there  is  the  solution  of  chloride  of  lime,  one  table- 
spoonful  in  four  quarts  of  cold  water.  The  linen  must 
be  thoroughly  rinsed  in  clear  water  after  the  mildew 

u 


disappears  or  the  threads  will  weaken  under  the  power- 
ful influence  of  the  chloride. 

TEA,  COFFEE,  COCOA  AND  CHOCOLATE  STAINS 
The  most  common  linen  stains  are  those  from  tea, 
coffee,  cocoa  or  chocolate.  When  fresh  they  will  yield 
to  boiling  water  poured  through  the  stained  portion 
after  it  has  been  stretched  over  a  bowl.  The  kettle 
should  be  held  high  to  gain  force  for  the  stream,  as  that 
materially  aids  the  operation.  Old  stains  should  be 
soaked  in  cold  water  before  the  boiling  water  treatment. 
To  remove  tea  stains  pour  boiling  water  over  them. 
If  of  long  standing,  soak  the  linen  in  a  solution  of  chlo- 
ride of  lime  until  the  stains  disappear,  and  then  wash 
through  several  clean  waters. 

FRUIT  STAINS 

Ordinary  fruit  stains  cannot  hold  out  against  boil- 
ing water.  Obstinate  ones  require  more  persuasion.  Ox- 
alic acid,  three  ounces  to  a  pint  of  water,  should  be  kept 
on  hand  for  this  emergency.  It  must  be  plainly  labeled 
and  placed  where  careless  hands  cannot  reach  it.  The 
stains  are  thoroughly  wet  in  the  preparation,  and  then 
placed  over  the  steam  of  a  boiling  kettle,  or  in  the  sun- 
shine, until  they  disappear.  They  must  be  watched  with 
careful  eye,  for  the  action  of  the  acid  must  not  continue 
a  second,  after  the  spots  are  gone.  An  application  of 
ammonia  and  a  thorough  rinsing  will  prevent  mischief. 

Lemon  juice  will  remove  ink,  rust  and  fruit  stains. 
Moisten  the  stained  goods  in  cold  water,  lay  out  in  a  hot 


sun,  squeeze  a  few  drops  of  juice  on  the  stain,  let  it 
dry,  then  repeat  the  juice  and  drying  until  stain  is  gone. 
For  iron  rust  and  ink  stains  put  a  pinch  of  salt  on  the 
wet  stain  and  then  apply  the  juice.  Only  for  uncolored 
goods. 

GENERAL  HINTS  ON  LAUNDRY  WORK 

Lemon  juice  will  soften  the  water  and  render  wash- 
ing less  difficult.  It  also  helps  to  remove  dirt  and  grease 
—only  be  careful  not  to  use  it  on  colored  clothes. 

Unused  table  linens  should  be  washed  at  least  once  a 
year,  thoroughly  dried  and  refolded  to  prevent  yellow- 
ing and  rotting  where  the  folds  are. 

Clothes  which  have  been  allowed  to  stand  over  night 
in  water  to  which  lemon  juice  has  been  added  will  clean 
with  little  rubbing. 

Kerosene  on  a  cloth  will  prevent  flat-irons  from 
scorching. 

Wash  materials  made  up  into  children's  dresses  and 
shirt-waists  should,  without  exception,  be  shrunk  in  the 
material  before  being  cut  out  and  made  up,  as  it  will 
save  much  trouble  when  they  must  be  laundered.  Nice 
colored  garments  should  never  be  put  in  with  the  gen- 
eral wash;  they  must  be  washed  separately  and  as 
quickly  as  possible  in  a  light  suds,  but  soap  should  never 
be  rubbed  directly  on  the  garment  to  be  cleaned. 


THE  KITCHEN 


THE  KITCHEN 

BEAUTIFYING  THE  KITCHEN 

Why  should  this  much  used  room  not  be  dainty  and 
well  furnished? 

One  of  the  oldest  traditions  of  civilization  is  that  the 
kitchen  should  be  relegated  to  a  place  of  dishonor  at  the 
back  of  the  house,  with  a  vista  and  aroma  of  garbage 
pails  through  its  windows,  and  "  any  old  thing  "  in  the 
way  of  furniture  and  appointments  to  heighten  the  ugly 
effect.  Who  ever  heard  of  a  special  outfit  for  this  de- 
spised apartment,  or  gave  its  color  scheme  and  decora- 
tion a  passing  thought? 

There  is  one  housewife  who  has  realized  the  artistic 
possibilities  of  her  kitchen,  which  is  at  the  back  of  a 
rambling  old  house.  It  was  unpainted,  with  a  hideous 
brown  checkered  paper,  with  no  covering  on  the  floor, 
and  with  the  dreariest  of  ash-barrel  outlooks,  when  she 
took  it  in  hand.  She  painted  all  the  woodwork,  which 
includes  a  high  wainscot,  a  soft  dove  gray— a  tint  that 
cleans  easily  and  wears  well.  Above  this  the  walls  were 
scraped  and  mended,  and  then  the  plaster  painted  a  cool 
salad  green  of  medium  tone.  Shades  of  the  same  color 
were  placed  at  the  windows,  and  little  white  muslin  sash 
curtains  added  a  homelike,  yet  inexpensive,  touch.  The 

18 


barrel  and  pails  in  the  back  yard  were  banished  to  the 
covered  eellarway,  and  the  grass  and  bordering  flower 
beds  are  always  kept  trim  and  neat. 

The  sink  frames,  shelves  and  cupboards  for  kitchen 
china  and  utensils  were  painted  gray,  and  so  were  the 
window  boxes,  where  grow  a  useful  little  crop  of  pars- 
ley, mint  and  other  greens.  The  floor  was  covered  with 
a  white  linoleum  marked  off  with  green,  and  the  gray- 
painted  tables  were  covered  with  the  same  material,  so 
that  they  may  be  cleaned  in  a  trice.  In  front  of  the 
stove  and  sink  are  small  rag  carpets  in  dull  green— a 
great  comfort  to  the  tired-footed  worker  who  must  stand 
in  order  to  stir,  or  wash  dishes.  The  small  pantry,  con- 
taining more  shelves  and  the  ice-box,  was  treated  like 
the  kitchen ;  and  those  faithful  but  unsightly  helpers— 
the  carpet  sweeper,  broom,  mop  and  cleaning  pails— 
were  hidden  in  a  corner  behind  a  green  and  white  chintz 
curtain.  A  pretty  ' '  posterish  ' '  calendar  was  hung  un- 
der the  clock,  and  her  * '  friend  in  need, ' '  the  cook  book, 
was  given  a  slip  cover  of  linoleum  like  the  tables,  so  it 
might  be  kept  clean.  Whenever  she  buys  kitchen  crock- 
ery or  utensils  she  sees  that  they  are  pretty  as  well  as 
useful.  Little  blue  and  yellow  baking  dishes  in  Japa- 
nese ware,  durable  and  ridiculously  cheap,  blue  and 
white  German  pots  and  bowls,  and  aluminum  spoons  and 
forks— all  find  their  way  into  this  dainty  kitchen. 

CHARCOAL  AS  A  PURIFIER 

Housekeepers  do  not  use  charcoal  enough  about  their 

19 


kitchens.  A  few  pieces  of  charcoal  laid  in  the  refrig- 
erator absorb  impurities  in  the  air.  A  bag  of  powdered 
charcoal  tied  around  the  mouth  of  the  faucet  removes 
impurities  in  the  water  as  it  passes  through  it.  Char- 
coal used  in  this  way  soon  becomes  foul,  and  should  be 
frequently  replaced  by  a  fresh  supply.  It  is  best  to 
burn  up  charcoal  that  has  been  used  as  a  germ  trap. 

TO  CLEANSE  THE  KITCHEN 

For  cleaning  zinc  under  the  kitchen  stove,  nothing  is 
equal  to  spirits  of  turpentine.  Spread  the  fluid  all  over 
the  zinc  and  let  it  remain  for  a  few  minutes.  Then  take 
an  old  soft  cloth  and  go  all  over  it,  rubbing  every  inch 
thoroughly.  Wash  up  with  hot  water  and  soap,  and 
wipe  dry. 

Vinegar  and  sugar  will  make  a  good  stove  polish. 

The  steel  of  the  stove  can  be  made  to  shine  like  silver 
by  mixing  finely  powdered  whiting  with  sweet  oil  and 
applying  this  to  the  steel.  Polish  off  with  a  dry  cloth 
and  then  with  dry  whiting. 

A  solution  of  ammonia  cleanses  sinks  and  drain  pipes. 

When  grease  is  spilled  on  the  kitchen  table  or  floor 
pour  cold  water  on  it  at  once  to  prevent  it  soaking  into 
the  wood.  It  will  quickly  harden  and  can  be  lifted  with 
a  knife. 

A  half  ounce  of  beeswax  dissolved  in  a  saucerful  of 
turpentine  and  applied  to  the  kitchen  oil-cloth  will  im- 
prove it  wonderfully.  Rub  in  with  a  piece  of  flannel 
and  complete  the  process  by  the  use  of  dry  flannel. 


The  hot  water  tank  and  spigots,  should  be  cleaned 
periodically  with  hot  vinegar  in  which  salt  has  been 
dissolved.  If  they  have  been  allowed  to  get  very  dirty, 
a  scouring  of  soap  and  ashes  will  restore  them  to  bril- 
liancy. After  flushing  the  drains  with  hot  water,  a 
strong  solution  of  sal  soda  should  be  sent  down.  It  is 
not  a  bad  idea  to  follow  this  with  odorless  disinfectants. 

CARE  OF  COOKING  UTENSILS 

Iron  pots  should  be  cleaned  with  soda  with  a  metal 
scourer  and  dish  cloths  kept  for  the  pots  alone.  If  food 
adheres  to  the  sides,  fill  the  pots  with  water  and  soda 
and  leave  them  on  the  range  for  an  hour  or  so. 

Tins  should  be  washed  with  hot  suds  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible after  using,  and  should  be  scoured  once  a  week 
with  sapolio. 

Copper  utensils  should  be  cleaned  with  vinegar  and 
salt  rubbed  on  with  flannel,  and  polished  afterward 
with  chamois. 

Wooden  utensils  should  always  be  washed  with  cold 
water  and  sand,  and  kitchen  knives  should  be  cleaned 
every  day  with  brick. 

Kettles  which  become  "  furred,"  i.  e.,  coated  on  the 
inside  with  a  hard  mineral  deposit,  should  be  cleaned  by 
boiling  ordinary  whiting  in  them  for  two  hours.  If  a 
small  piece  of  marble  be  kept  in  the  kettle  at  all  times  it 
will  very  largely  prevent  the  accumulation  of  the  min- 
eral deposit  or  fur. 

21 


Rub  roasting  pans  with  newspapers  before  putting 
them  away,  and  they  will  not  rust. 

HEATING  DISHES 

Do  not  warm  dishes  in  the  oven.  The  practice  of  put- 
ting dishes  in  the  oven  to  warm  them  for  the  table  is  a 
bad  one.  The  dry  heat  causes  the  enamel  to  crack  in 
time,  and  then  the  grease  soon  penetrates  them,  to  their 
utter  ruination.  Put  the  dishes  to  be  heated  in  a  dish- 
pan  and  pour  boiling  water  over  them.  Let  them  stand 
and  steam  until  ready  to  serve  the  meal,  then  wipe  with 
a  clean,  dry  towel. 

CARE  OF  THE  BROOM 

Brooms  should  always  be  hung  up,  never  left  stand- 
ing on  the  brush  end. 

If  new  brooms  are  thoroughly  scalded  and  dried  be- 
fore being  used,  their  usefulness  is  greatly  prolonged. 

It  may  not  be  generally  known  that  brooms  will  wear 
better  and  longer  if  kept  clean  than  if  allowed  to  remain 
uncleaned  throughout  their  span  of  existence.  Twice  a 
week,  at  least,  a  much  used  broom  should  be  dipped  into 
a  kettle  of  boiling  suds,  afterwards  being  rinsed  in  cold 
water  run  from  the  faucet. 

THE  REFRIGERATOR 

The  greatest  care  should  be  taken  with  the  refrig- 
erator; it  should  be  thoroughly  scrubbed  out  at  least 
once  a  week  with  borax  and  water,  and  well  aired ;  and 
the  blanket  on  the  ice  dried  every  day  and  washed  once 
a  week. 

22 


KITCHEN  HELPS 

Where  knobs  from  coffee  pot,  teakettle  and  lids  have 
fallen  off,  a  substitute  saving  many  a  burn  is  easily  put 
in  place  by  a  large  or  medium  sized  cork  on  top,  into 
which  a  slender  screw  is  driven  from  below. 

Dish  cloths  should  be  boiled  often  with  a  pinch  of 
soda  in  the  water  and  should  be  scalded  once  a  day  and 
hung  in  the  sunshine,  if  possible. 

Clean  vinegar  bottles  with  crushed  egg  shells  and 
water. 

Jars  and  bottles  that  smell  of  onions  will  be  quite 
sweet  and  odorless  if  left  out  of  doors  filled  with  sand 
or  garden  mould. 

A  new  frying  pan  has  an  open  lip  at  one  side  which 
connects  with  a  lip  in  the  cover.  Through  this  all  smoke 
and  odor,  it  is  said,  escape  into  the  stove  and  up  the 
chimney,  instead  of  into  the  kitchen. 

An  ingenious  housekeeper  has  devised  a  towel  rack 
for  her  kitchen  which  works  with  ropes  and  pulleys.  She 
says  that  besides  finding  that  the  towels  dry  more  rap- 
idly when  near  the  ceiling,  where  the  air  is  warmer,  she 
is  glad  of  the  extra  space.  This  same  housekeeper,  not 
having  a  dark  closet  in  which  to  store  her  preserves  and 
jellies,  has  covered  the  shelves  of  her  closet  with  black 
cotton.  She  lets  the  cotton  hang  over  in  a  curtain,  and 
the  light  is  excluded  almost  as  well  as  if  the  place  had 
been  built  originally  for  storing  purposes. 

A  paint  brush  makes  a  good  swab  for  greasing  cake 
tins.  Of  course,  the  butter  applied  must  be  melted. 


Every  mistress  who  wishes  to  preserve  her  kitchen 
cloths  from  holes  and  burns  will  provide  a  little  holder 
for  the  kitchen,  and  a  pot  and  saucepan  holder. 

The  disagreeable  flavor  imparted  to  the  contents  of 
new  wooden  vessels  may  be  avoided  by  washing  them  in 
a  soda  solution  (quarter  of  a  pound  to  four  gallons  of 
water)  with  a  little  lime  added,  and  scalding  with  boil- 
ing water. 


CULINARY  HINTS 


CULINARY  HINTS 

TIME  TABLE  FOR  COOKING  MEATS 

Baking  meats :  Beef,  sirloin,  rare— Eight  minutes  for 
each  pound. 

Beef,  sirloin,  well  done— Ten  to  fifteen  minutes  for 
each  pound. 

Beef  fillet— Twenty-five  minutes. 

Lamb,  well  done— Fifteen  minutes  for  each  pound. 

Mutton,  rare— Ten  to  twelve  minutes  for  each  pound. 

Mutton,  well  done— Fifteen  to  eighteen  minutes  for 
each  pound. 

Pork,  well  done— Twenty -five  to  thirty  minutes  for 
each  pound. 

Veal,  well  done— Eighteen  to  twenty  minutes  for 
each  pound. 

Chickens  weighing  from  three  to  five  pounds— One 
to  one  and  a  half  hours. 

Turkeys  weighing  from  nine  to  twelve  pounds— 
Three  to  three  and  a  half  hours. 

Fish  of  average  thickness,  weighing  from  six  to 
eight  pounds— One  hour. 


A  TABLE  OF  WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES 
4  even  teaspoonf uls  liquid=  1  even  tablespoonful. 

3  even  teaspoonf  uls  of  dry  material— 1  even  table- 
spoonful. 

16  tablespoonfuls  liquid =1  cupful. 

12  tablespoonfuls  dry  material^l  cupful. 

2  cupfuls— 1  pint. 

4  cupfuls=l  quart. 

2  cupfuls  solid  butter =1  pound. 

4  cupfuls  of  flour— 1  quart  or  1  pound. 

1  pint  milk  or  water =1  pound. 

2  cupfuls  granulated  sugar=  1  pound. 
2y2  cupfuls  powdered  sugar— 1  pound. 
1  dozen  eggs  should  weigh  1%  pounds. 

Skim  milk  is  heavier  than  whole  milk,  and  cream  is 
lighter  than  either,  while  pure  milk  is  3  per  cent,  heavier 
than  water. 

An  even  or  scant  teaspoonful  means  a  spoon  filled 
lightly  and  leveled  with  a  knife  to  the  surface  of  the 
spoon,  while  a  heaping  spoonful  means  all  the  spoon  will 
hold  of  any  sifted  material.  In  using  solids,  especially 
butter  or  lard,  a  knife  should  be  employed  to  deftly 
even  off  the  superfluous  amount. 

An  "  even  "cupful  of  anything  means  a  cup  full  to 
the  brim,  so  full  that  only  the  steadiest  hand  can  carry 
it  without  spilling.  A  "  brimming  "  cup,  as  its  name 
indicated,  is  a  cup  running  over.  A  scant  cupful  lacks 

27 


a  quarter  or  half  an  inch  of  reaching  to  the  top  of  the 
measure,  while  a  solid  cupful  is  something  packed  as 
firmly  as  is  possible. 

' '  Butter  the  size  of  an  egg  "  is  a  very  indefinite  mode 
of  measurement,  and  a  more  satisfactory  way  of  ex- 
pressing the  same  amount  is  to  say  "  a  heaping  table- 
spoonful,  ' '  or  one-quarter  of  a  cupful. 

A  tablespoonful  of  melted  butter  means  a  tablespoon- 
ful  of  butter  after  melting,  while  a  tablespoonful  of  but- 
ter melted,  means  a  tablespoonful  measured  before  melt- 
ing. 

Sugar,  salt,  flour,  soda,  spices  and  mustard,  espe- 
cially, should  always  be  sifted  or  stirred  up  lightly  be- 
fore measuring,  as  when  packed  they  are  compressed  to 
much  less  than  their  rightful  bulk  for  measuring. 

A  TABLE  OF  PROPORTIONS 

Use  1  teaspoonful  of  soda  to  1  cupful  of  molasses. 

1  teaspoonful  of  soda  to  1  pint  sour  milk. 

3  teaspoonfuls  baking  powder  to  1  quart  of  flour. 

y2  cupful  of  yeast  or  14  cake  compressed  yeast  to  1 
pint  of  liquid. 

1  teaspoonful  extract  to  1  loaf  of  plain  cake. 

1  teaspoonful  salt  to  2  quarts  of  flour. 

1  teaspoonful  salt  to  1  quart  of  soup. 

1  scant  cupful  of  liquid  to  1  full  cupful  of  flour  for 
batters. 

1  quart  of  water  to  each  pound  of  meat  and  bone  for 
soup  stock. 

28 


4  peppercorns,  4  cloves,  1  teaspoonful  mixed  herbs 
for  each  quart  of  water  for  soup  stock. 

TEMPERATURE  OF  OVENS 

The  proper  temperature  of  the  oven  for  various  mix- 
tures often  remains  a  perplexity  to  the  young  housewife 
after  other  details  have  been  conquered.  Here  are  a 
few  suggestions :  a  cake  which  is  made  with  butter 
needs  a  moderate  oven;  a  cake  made  without  butter 
wants  a  quick  oven.  For  small  cakes  and  cookies  the 
oven  should  be  moderately  quick.  Cakes  that  have  an 
admixture  of  molasses  burn  more  easily  than  others,  and 
should  be  watched  closely.  They  require  a  moderate 
oven.  If  the  cake  browns  quickly  after  going  into  the 
oven  there  is  too  much  heat.  Remove  the  lid  from  the 
top  of  the  stove  or  put  into  the  oven  a  dish  containing 
cold  water. 

CONCERNING  PIES 

Pies  will  be  soggy  if  set  on  top  of  a  hot  stove  after 
being  baked. 

Salt  in  the  oven  under  baking  tins  will  prevent  pas- 
try scorching  on  the  bottom. 

To  prevent  pie  juice  from  running  out  in  the  oven 
make  a  little  opening  in  the  upper  crust  and  insert  a 
straw  or  little  roll  of  white  paper  perpendicularly.  The 
steam  will  escape  through  it  as  through  a  chimney  and 
all  the  juice  will  be  retained  in  the  pie. 

In  making  pies  which  are  to  be  filled  after  the  crust 
is  baked,  line  the  tins  with  the  paste,  fill  them  with  dry 

29 


flour  and  cover  with  a  paper.  When  they  are  done, 
turn  out  the  flour.  This  will  prevent  the  crust  from 
shrinking  and  puffing  up.  The  flour  can  be  kept  and 
used  again  for  the  same  purpose.  Some  people  use 
dried  beans,  rice,  etc.,  for  the  purpose,  but  they  are 
likely  to  sink  into  the  crust. 

CONCERNING  FISH 

A  little  vinegar  added  to  the  water  in  which  fish  is 
boiled  will  make  the  flesh  firmer  and  whiter. 

Salt  on  the  fingers  when  cleaning  fowls,  meat  or  fish 
will  prevent  slipping. 

To  cook  fish  in  water  do  not  boil  it.  Plunge  the  fish 
into  the  boiling  water  to  sear  the  surface  and  retain  the 
juices,  then  reduce  the  heat,  so  as  to  keep  the  water 
below  the  boiling  point— 180  degrees  Fahrenheit  is  the 
desired  temperature  if  one  uses  a  thermometer  in  cook- 
ing. 

To  cover  the  pan  in  which  fish  is  cooking  will  make 
the  flesh  soft. 

When  it  is  not  convenient  to  broil  fish  over  an  open 
fire  it  may  be  nicely  broiled  in  a  very  hot  oven.  Pre- 
pare the  fish  as  for  the  usual  method  and  lay  it  with  the 
skin  down  on  a  piece  of  oiled  paper  in  a  roasting  pan. 
Cook  on  the  upper  grate  of  the  oven  until  browned,  first 
rubbing  it  with  butter  and  dusting  with  a  little  flour. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION 

Firmness  and  crispness  may  be  restored  to  soft  and 
flabby  tomatoes,  lettuce  and  celery  by  putting  them  into 

30 


cold  water  and  leaving  them  in  a  cool  place  for  half  an 
hour. 

Coffee  and  tea  will  be  found  to  be  greatly  improved 
in  flavor  if  kept  in  earthenware  or  china  jars  instead  of 
tin  boxes. 

Never  keep  vinegar  or  yeast  in  stone  crocks  or  jars ; 
their  acids  attack  the  glazing,  which  is  said  to  be  pois- 
onous. Glass  for  either  is  better. 

If  it  is  desired  to  keep  cakes  moist,  put  them  in  a 
stone  jar ;  if  crisp  cakes  are  preferred,  use  tin  as  a  recep- 
tacle. 

When  green  vegetables  come  they  should  be  put  at 
once  in  the  cellar  or  into  the  ice-box.  Salads  may  be 
wrapped  in  a  damp  cloth. 

Always  keep  cheese  well  covered  in  a  cheese  dish  or 
it  will  become  dry  and  tasteless.  If  the  cheese  is  wrap- 
ped in  a  cloth  moistened  with  vinegar  it  will  keep  beau- 
tifully moist  and  retain  its  flavor  longer. 

By  soaking  nuts  over  night  in  cold  water  the  meats 
can  be  removed  with  much  greater  facility  when  the 
nuts  are  cracked. 

When  cracked  eggs  have  to  be  boiled,  a  little  vinegar 
added  to  the  water  will  prevent  the  white  from  boiling 
out.  The  acid  coagulates  the  albumen  and  stops  the 
leaks.  The  cracks  may  also  be  covered  with  a  bit  of 
paper  wet  with  the  exuding  albumen.  Nothing  sticks 
like  white  of  egg,  and  not  even  the  boiling  water  will 
remove  the  paper. 


Candling  eggs  is  one  infallible  way  to  test  them. 
This  is  done  in  a  dark  room  with  a  candle,  gas  or  electric 
light.  When  the  egg  is  held  close  to  the  light,  if  fresh, 
it  will  appear  a  pinkish  yellow,  and  if  otherwise  it  will 
be  dotted  with  opaque  spots  or  be  entirely  dark. 

Nutmegs  may  be  tested  by  pricking  them  with  a  pin. 
If  they  are  good,  the  oil  will  be  at  once  seen  to  spread 
round  the  puncture. 

To  prevent  the  eyes  from  smarting  when  paring 
onions,  place  the  onions  in  a  bowl  of  water  and  peel  them 
while  you  hold  them  in  it. 

The  shells  of  pineapple  cheeses  make  pretty  dishes 
for  the  serving  of  cheese  dishes,  such  as  cheese  fondu. 

A  spoon  should  not  be  left  in  a  saucepan  if  you  wish 
the  contents  to  cool  quickly,  since  the  spoon  carries  off 
heat  slowly. 

When  the  fat  for  deep  frying  looks  muddy  while 
very  hot,  a  handful  of  crushed  egg  shells  will  clarify  it. 

Salt  thrown  on  a  coal  fire  when  broiling  steak  will 
prevent  blazing  from  the  dripping  fat. 

All  the  tedious  skimming  and  straining  of  soup  can 
be  avoided  if  one  takes  the  precaution  to  put  in  a  small 
unpeeled  onion  at  the  very  start  and  permit  it  to  remain 
until  one  is  ready  to  thicken  the  soup.  When  lifted  out 
it  will  be  found  that  this  vegetable  has  served  as  a  mag- 
net to  draw  to  itself  all  the  floating  sediment,  leaving 
the  broth  as  clear  as  crystal,  yet  in  nowise  impairing  its 
nourishing  quality. 

Should  your  soup  be  too  salty,  add  a  sliced  raw  po- 

32 


tato  and  cook  a  few  moments  longer,  as  the  potato  will 
absorb  the  surplus  salt. 

When  shelling  peas  it  is  worth  while  to  keep  the 
pods,  wash  them,  boil  separately,  and  rub  them  through 
a  sieve ;  the  puree  will  make  excellent  pea  soup  with  or 
even  without  the  addition  of  some  fresh  peas. 

Always  keep  your  celery  roots  and  dry  them.  They 
are  good  for  seasoning  soups  and  sauces. 

To  have  celery  very  crisp  but  not  soggy  wash  it  thor- 
oughly eight  or  ten  hours  before  using ;  do  not  dry,  but 
roll  in  a  towel  and  put  on  ice  till  time  to  serve. 

A  good  general  rule  always  to  remember  in  the  use 
of  gelatines,  is  to  soften  the  gelatine  in  cold  water,  then 
to  dissolve  in  boiling  water.  Neglect  of  either  part  of 
the  process  will  cause  trouble  in  making  jellies. 

After  rice  or  macaroni  is  cooked,  place  in  a  colander 
and  drain  off  the  water,  then  quickly  turn  cold  water 
through,  and  you  will  find  that  the  stickiness  which  is 
so  undesirable  will  be  prevented. 

Remember  that  wine  increases  the  taste  of  salt.  For 
this  reason,  where  wine  is  used  for  flavoring,  very  little 
salt  should  be  put  in  until  after  the  wine  has  been  used, 
when  more  may  be  added  if  necessary. 

Cranberries  are  more  tempting  if  strained  before 
sweetened,  made  into  a  jelly  and  cut  into  cubes  when 
cold,  than  in  the  ordinary  form  of  sauce. 

Milk  toast  is  improved  by  the  addition  of  a  little 
grated  cheese  just  before  serving.  Grated  cheese  is  also 
a  pleasant  addition  to  a  dish  of  mashed  potatoes. 


The  use  of  bacon  fat  when  basting,  or  frying  chicken 
imparts  a  delicate  flavor. 

Baked  potatoes  are  much  lighter  if  broken  with  a 
fork  than  a  knife,  and  pricked  with  a  fork  before  bak- 
ing. 

A  tiny  pinch  of  salt  to  coffee  before  the  boiling  water 
is  poured  on  will  accentuate  the  flavor  and  aroma. 

If  the  milk  used  in  making  baked  or  boiled  custard  is 
scalded  and  cooled  before  using,  the  custard  will  be 
smoother. 

Salt  the  steak  after  broiling. 

To  prevent  flour  from  lumping,  add  a  little  salt  be- 
fore mixing  with  milk  or  water. 

In  opening  a  bottle  of  olives,  bear  in  mind  that  those 
remaining  over  will  quickly  mould  and  become  worth- 
less, unless  at  once  replaced  in  the  liquor  in  the  bottle, 
and  corked.  If  the  liquor  gets  thrown  away  by  mistake, 
a  fresh  brine  of  salt  and  water  may  replace  it. 

Keep  honey  in  the  dark,  as  the  bees  do,  or  you  will 
find  that  it  granulates. 

To  have  fresh  water  on  a  picnic,  fill  a  bottle  with 
water ;  bind  it  with  a  wet  cloth ;  place  it  in  the  sun  and 
the  evaporation  from  the  cloth  will  greatly  cool  the 
water  and  in  a  few  minutes  it  will  be  nearly  iced. 

If  you  wish  to  have  hot  rolls  for  breakfast  without 
early  rising,  put  those  made  the  day  before,  in  the  oven 
in  a  paper  bag  for  a  few  minutes,  before  serving. 


A   FEW   RECEIPTS 


A  FEW  RECEIPTS 

HAM 

There  is  a  delicious,  delicate  flavor  about  a  properly 
cooked  ham. 

Be  sure  above  all  things  that  you  are  buying  a  good 
ham.  It  must  be  fat.  You  cannot  expect  a  thin  ham  to 
be  well  flavored  if  the  juices  run  out.  Therefore  a  lib- 
eral covering  of  fat  is  a  necessity. 

Scrub  the  ham  thoroughly,  and  soak  in  cold  water 
for  twenty-four  hours.  Place  in  a  large  pot,  so  that  the 
ham  is  entirely  covered  with  water.  Let  it  come  to  a 
boil  slowly,  and  never  more  than  simmer. 

After  removing  the  scum,  add  seasonings  of  cloves, 
bay  leaf,  pepper  corns  and  chopped  onions.  It  should 
boil  about  half  an  hour  for  each  pound.  When  done, 
take  from  the  pot,  remove  the  skin,  and  roll  in  bread 
crumbs  and  brown  sugar.  Stick  it  full  of  cloves  and 
bake  for  two  hours  in  a  moderate  oven. 

Before  sending  to  the  table  make  a  ruffle  of  white  tis- 
sue paper  and  wrap  around  the  ugly  bone. 

BACON 

There  are  four  points  to  the  secret  of  having  the 
breakfast  bacon  delicately  brown,  dry  and  crisp — they 
consist  in  cutting  it  thin,  having  it  ice  cold  when  it  is  put 


into  the  pan,  having  the  pan  very  hot,  but  not  red  hot, 
and  keeping  the  bacon  constantly  moving  during  the 
cooking. 

The  bacon  should  be  so  chilled  that  it  is  firm  enough 
for  a  keen-edged  knife  to  cut  it  in  wafer-like  slices. 

The  pan  should  be  hot  enough  to  burn  the  bacon  un- 
less it  is  kept  moving. 

Not  only  toss  the  bacon  over  and  over,  but  shake  the 
pan  rapidly  while  it  is  cooking. 

It  will  crisp  into  rolls  in  two  or  three  minutes  and 
will  then  be  ready  to  use  as  a  garnish. 

BARLEY  GRUEL 

To  make  barley  gruel,  put  one  teaspoonful  of  barley 
flour  into  the  upper  pan  of  the  double  boiler  and  rub  to 
a  smooth  paste  with  a  little  cold  water,  then  stir  in  one 
pint  of  boiling  water  and  boil  for  twenty  minutes.  If  a 
double  boiler  is  not  used  the  gruel  must  be  stirred  almost 
constantly  to  prevent  scorching.  Add  a  small  pinch  of 
salt,  and  at  feeding  time  mix  equal  parts  of  hot  (not 
boiled)  milk  and  the  gruel  together. 

CABBAGE 

In  the  winter,  when  vegetables  are  not  very  abun- 
dant, it  will  not  do  to  underrate  the  possibilities  of  cab- 
bage. That  the  food  value  of  the  cabbage  is  low  and 
that  it  is  not  readily  digested  by  delicate  people  is  un- 
doubtedly true,  but  a  nicely  prepared  dish  often  serves 
a  good  purpose  by  merely  stimulating  the  appetite  and 
affording  a  change  of  diet.  Boil  a  small  cabbage,  and 


the  next  day  when  the  last  trace  of  the  odor  has  fled, 
chop  it  in  small  pieces.  Salt  and  pepper,  and  add  a  table- 
spoonful  of  melted  butter.  When  this  has  been  stirred 
in  put  over  the  fire  with  half  a  cupful  of  milk  or  cream. 
When  hot  stir  in  two  well-beaten  eggs  and  immediately 
turn  into  a  hot  buttered  frying  pan.  Stir  with  a  fork 
until  brown  and  then  heap  like  an  omelet,  and  when  the 
under  surface  is  well  browned,  serve  on  a  hot  dish  with 
minced  parsley. 

QUINCE  CORDIAL 

A  quince  cordial  is  something  the  making  of  which 
soon  becomes  a  yearly  habit,  because  one's  household 
has  an  objection  to  going  without  it,  once  it  has  known 
its  joys  and  beauties.  Grate  the  quinces,  press  out  the 
juice,  and  to  each  quart  of  it  add  one  pint  of  brandy  and 
as  much  sugar  as  you  think  it  requires.  If  you  like  you 
may  add  spices  to  this  cordial,  but  they  are  hardly  an 
improvement.  Keep  in  a  jug,  shake  occasionally,  and 
then  after  a  few  weeks  it  is  better  to  bottle  it. 

APPLE  JELLY 

Apple  jelly  is  such  an  addition  to  the  luncheon  table, 
or  to  the  roast  of  pork,  that  it  is  worth  remembering 
how  easily  prepared  it  is  in  small  quantities.  Whenever 
apple  pies  or  apple  sauce  is  made,  save  the  peelings, 
which,  added  to  a  small  quantity  of  cut-up  apples,  will 
make  a  pint  or  so  of  delicious  fresh  jelly. 


"COUPE  JACQUE" 

A  * '  Coupe  Jacque  ' '  sounds  new,  at  least  on  this  side 
of  the  water.  It  is  described  as  consisting  of  a  lemon 
ice,  with  a  few  delicious  fruits,  sweetened  as  in  a  salad, 
on  top  of  it,  and  a  dash  of  cream,  flavored  with  maras- 
chino, on  top  of  that. 

CURRY 

Excellent  curry  is  made  of  meat  that  has  been  boiled 
for  tea  or  soup.  The  fibre  of  the  meat  retains  a  part  of 
the  nutriment  which  the  water  does  not  draw  out. 

SANDWICHES 

Chicken  Sandwiches— Chop  the  white  meat  of  cold 
boiled  chicken  very  fine  and  mix  with  it  enough  highly 
seasoned  mayonnaise  to  make  a  paste.  Chop  very  fine 
a  few  olives  and  mix  with  it.  Spread  on  thin  slices  of 
bread. 

Egg  Sandwiches— Rub  the  yolks  of  hard  boiled  eggs 
to  a  cream  and  season  with  salt,  pepper,  a  few  drops  of 
vinegar  and  a  little  minced  celery.  Anchovy  paste 
creamed  can  be  added  to  the  eggs  if  the  added  pungency 
is  desired.  This  makes  a  delicious  sandwich. 

Lettuce  Sandwich— Cut  the  bread  very  thin  and 
spread  thickly  with  mayonnaise.  Lay  white  crisp  let- 
tuce leaves  on  the  dressing.  Press  the  upper  slice  of 
bread  down  on  the  lettuce,  allowing  the  leaves  to  come 
a  little  beyond  the  bread.  Watercress  used  in  the  same 
way  makes  a  delicate  and  pungent  relish. 


Caviare  Sandwiches — Take  a  small  box  of  caviare, 
turn  it  into  a  shallow  dish  and  beat  into  it  alternately, 
and  a  little  at  a  time,  lemon  juice  and  olive  oil.  Stir  un- 
til you  have  a  thick  white  paste.  Spread  it  on  the  bread 
and  sprinkle  over  it  just  a  touch  of  finely  minced  olives. 

Sardine  Sandwiches— Take  four  large  sardines,  re- 
move the  skin  and  bones  and  ,put  them  into  a  bowl  with 
one  teaspoonful  of  anchovy  paste,  the  yolk  of  three  hard 
boiled  eggs,  two  tablespoonfuls  of  olive  oil  and  the  juice 
of  half  a  lemon.  Rub  the  ingredients  into  a  smooth 
paste  and  spread  on  graham  bread. 

Egg  Sandwich— Chop  two  hard  boiled  eggs  and  six 
olives  very  fine;  add  a  sprinkling  of  paprika  and  just 
enough  mayonnaise  to  make  a  moist  paste.  Spread  on 
thinly  buttered  slices  of  bread,  putting  two  together; 
then  cut  diagonally  across. 

For  making  sandwiches,  bread  baked  in  large-size 
baking  powder  cans  will  be  just  the  right  size  and  free 
from  crusts. 

Chopped  fruits  and  nuts  are  among  the  nicest  of  the 
sweet  sandwiches,  although  the  nuts  may  be  mixed  with 
mayonnaise  or  served  with  chicken  or  other  meat  salads. 

Dates,  figs  and  nuts  mixed  together  and  chopped 
make  delicious  sandwiches.  Served  with  chocolate  they 
are  very  nice  for  evening  affairs.  Lay  the  mixture  be- 
tween slices  of  bread  or  crackers. 


40 


SERVING  A  DINNER  AND 
THE  DUTIES  OF  THE  WAITRESS 


SERVING  A  DINNER  AND 
THE  DUTIES  OF  THE  WAITRESS 

TO  SERVE  A  DINNER 

Flowers,  even  of  a  simple  kind,  should  always  be 
used  on  a  dinner  table.  The  nasturtium  is  being  grown 
by  florists  for  the  decoration  of  winter  tables.  Placed 
in  a  glass  bowl,  on  the  center  of  the  table,  with  the  nas- 
turtiums trailing  from  it,  is  a  pretty  way  to  use  this 
flower.  Nasturtiums  may  be  grown  in  the  house,  if  one 
has  warm,  sunny  rooms. 

The  dining  room  should  be  well  aired  before  a  dinner, 
and  60  degrees  Fahrenheit  is  the  proper  temperature  of 
the  room  when  a  dinner  is  served.  See  that  hot  courses 
are  served  as  hot  as  possible,  and  that  salad  and  other 
cold  courses  are  properly  chilled  before  they  are  served. 

Eating  is  raised  from  the  level  of  ' '  feeding  ' '  by  the 
cookery  and  service  of  the  food. 

The  ideal  dinner  has  a  simple  menu  and  simple  deco- 
rations, without  ostentation  or  profusion,  but  with  per- 
fect cookery  and  perfect  service. 

The  formal  dinner  is  the  most  formal  of  all  social 
functions.  The  rules  governing  it  are  the  most  strict 
and  unvarying.  You  can  do  all  kinds  of  things  with  a 

42 


luncheon  and  have  all  kinds  of  things  to  eat.    You  can 
not  take  liberties  with  a  formal  dinner. 

Never  try  to  serve  such  a  dinner  with  only  one  maid, 
who  has  already  cooked  the  dinner.  If  you  cannot  have 
outside  people  come  in  for  the  serving,  it  is  better  to 
have  the  informal  little  dinner,  which,  when  it  is  right, 
is  one  of  the  nicest  things  known. 

The  little  dinner,  properly  served,  is  infinitely  better 
than  the  formal  dinner,  sloppily  served.  The  reason 
why  we  do  not  have  good  service  is  because  we  live  in  a 
perennial  and  eternal  rush,  and  you  cannot  have  good 
service  when  the  unexpected  guest  arrives,  unless  you 
have  good  service  every  day. 

A  dinner  should  never  be  longer  than  two  hours,  and 
an  hour  and  a  half  is  better. 

Dinner  invitations  should  be  answered  within  six 
hours,  and  an  earlier  answer  is  better. 

A  wife  should  not  accept  a  dinner  invitation  if  her 
husband  cannot  go ;  it  leaves  the  hostess  under  the  neces- 
sity of  providing  an  unattached  man. 

Dinner  invitations  are  sent  in  the  third  person  or  a 
personal  note— never  by  the  telephone. 

There  is  nothing  so  pretty  as  a  round  table.  Round 
pine  table  tops  can  be  procured. 

Twenty  inches  of  space  should  be  allowed  to  each 
person. 

Felt  should  be  placed  under  the  cloth. 

Bread  should  be  cut  in  squares  and  put  in  the  napkin 
and  the  napkin  folded  so  as  to  show  the  bread. 

43 


No  butter  appears  on  the  formal  dinner  table. 

The  silver  should  be  placed  in  an  exactly  straight 
line  with  the  plate. 

Never  leave  a  guest  without  a  plate  before  him,  until 
the  table  is  cleared  for  dessert. 

The  service  plate  stands  at  each  place  and  other 
plates  are  placed  on  it. 

Use  a  napkin  to  remove  the  crumbs  before  dessert, 
not  a  brush  or  knife. 

The  dining  room  should  have  light  aside  from  that 
on  the  table,  but  nothing  is  so  unbecoming  as  light  from 
overhead. 

The  butler  or  maid  should  know  how  many  guests 
are  expected  and  announce  dinner  when  all  have  ar- 
rived. 

At  a  large  dinner  the  butler  or  maid  gives  each  man 
in  the  dressing  room,  an  envelope  containing  the  name  of 
the  woman  he  is  to  take  out.  On  the  card  also  is  ' '  L. ' ' 
or  "  R.,"  indicating  that  he  is  on  the  left  or  right  side 
of  the  table,  thus  preventing  confusion. 

The  hostess  should  be  helped  first  and  the  waiter 
should  then  proceed  to  the  right.  The  waiter  should  set 
down  and  take  everything  away  from  the  right,  but  pre- 
sent all  food  from  the  left— the  dish  balanced  on  the  left 
hand. 

There  are  two  modes  of  service— English  and  a  la 
Russe.  The  former  is  where  certain  viands  are  served 
on  the  table.  In  service  a  la  Russe  everything  is  divided 
into  portions  away  from  the  table,  and  those  portions  are 

44 


taken  to  each  person  by  the  waiter.  This  manner  of 
serving  is  the  better. 

All  men  are  not  good  carvers  and  some  men  do  not 
like  to  carve,  so  that  the  manner  a  la  Russe  can  be 
adopted  with  pleasure  and  convenience  at  the  daily 
dinner  table.  The  portions  should  be  neatly  arranged 
and  made  inviting  to  the  eye  when  carved  and  arranged 
before  bringing  to  the  table. 

The  water  glass  stands  in  front  of  the  plate  and  is 
found  filled  when  one  comes  to  the  table. 

Oysters  or  clams  are  found  on  the  plate  when  the 
guest  is  seated. 

The  soup  plate  should  be  only  half  filled. 

THE  DUTIES  OF  THE  WAITRESS 
She  must  understand  the  proper  care  of  dining  room, 
pantry,  silver  and  brass;  must  learn  to  carry  dishes 
without  thumbs  or  fingers  inside  the  dishes,  and  without 
touching  her  clothing ;  she  must  sharpen  carvers,  make 
butter  balls,  dress  salads,  make  all  kinds  of  sandwiches, 
simple  luncheon  and  breakfast  dishes,  coffee,  tea,  and  if 
the  service  of  wines  is  required,  know  how  to  serve 
them.  She  should  be  held  responsible  for  all  china  and 
silver,  counting  silver  every  day. 

The  waitress  must  always  be  neatly  dressed,  which 
means  more  than  just  the  outside  garments.  The  hair 
must  be  tidy  and  the  nails  well  cared  for.  The  dress  for 
morning  should  be  of  print,  with  white  apron,  collar  and 
cuffs,  and  cap  if  required ;  for  afternoon,  a  black  dress, 
collar,  cuffs,  etc. 

45 


HOUSEHOLD  HINTS 


HOUSEHOLD  HINTS 

CLEANING  WINDOWS 

The  cleaning  of  windows  may  be  greatly  facilitated 
by  first  dusting  them  with  whiting.  Sew  up  some  whit- 
ing in  a  small  linen  bag  and  rub  the  whole  window  and 
ledges.  Rub  this  off  with  a  rough  cloth  and  polish  with 
chamois.  Another  plan  is  to  rub  the  glass  with  a  chamois 
dampened  with  whiting,  and  polish  with  soft  cloths. 

Clean  the  outside  of  windows  in  cold  weather  with 
kerosene. 

Ammonia  brightens  windows  and  looking  glasses. 

If  there  are  paint  spots  on  the  glass  of  the  windows, 
moisten  them  with  turpentine  before  trying  to  remove, 
otherwise  the  glass  will  be  scratched. 

Remove  mortar  from  window  glass  with  hot,  strong 
vinegar. 

CARE  OF  CUT  GLASS 

Alcohol  and  water  constitute  a  good  washing  fluid 
for  fine  cut  and  plate  glass.  Soaps,  cleaning  powders 
and  polishing  preparations  are  apt  to  scratch  and  dim 
highly  polished  surfaces.  Only  old,  soft  towels  should 
be  used  for  wiping  glass. 

A  piece  of  cut  glass  should  never  be  taken  from  a 
china  closet  or  closed  cabinet,  where  it  has  been  in  a  pro- 


tected  atmosphere  free  from  drafts,  and  put  immedi- 
ately in  contact  with  a  marble  top  or  other  cold  sub- 
stance. If  the  carafe  and  tumblers  to  be  used  for  iced 
drinks  be  put  into  moderately  cool  water  for  a  time  be- 
fore they  are  used  their  safety  is  insured. 

Better  than  potato  parings  for  cleaning  carafes  is  a 
potato  cut  in  small  dice.  Half  fill  the  carafe,  pour  in  a 
little  water  and  shake  in  a  circular  motion  very  briskly. 
If  the  carafe  is  stained  with  something  besides  water,  it 
may  be  necessary  to  use  an  acid,  but  dangerous  or  pois- 
onous agents  are  not  advised. 

tO  BRIGHTEN  TABLE  SILVER 

An  excellent  silver  polish  is  made  by  taking  a  pound 
of  best  whiting  and  five  cents'  worth  of  rouge  powder, 
both  to  be  had  at  any  chemist's.  Put  the  whiting  on  a 
sheet  of  brown  paper  on  the  table,  bruise  every  particle, 
and  then  sprinkle  the  rouge  over.  Rub  together  with  a 
knife  till  the  whole  becomes  a  pale  pink  powder,  which 
in  use  and  appearance  cannot  be  told  from  the  best  plate 
powder.  If  the  silver  is  tarnished,  use  a  piece  of  damp 
flannel,  but  under  ordinary  circumstances  use  dry  and 
polish  with  chamois  leather. 

Silver  and  electro-plated  goods  should  be  wet  as  lit- 
tle as  possible.  In  washing  use  good  soap  only.  Never 
use  soap  powders. 

Another  way  to  clean  silver  is  to  wash  the  silver  in 
strong  soapsuds  with  a  dash  of  ammonia.  This  will 

48 


cleanse  it  thoroughly;  even  the  filigree  will  be  cleaned 
and  no  whiting  or  polish  will  be  left  in. 

Silver  spoons  and  forks  in  daily  use  may  be  kept 
bright  by  leaving  them  in  strong  borax  several  hours. 
The  water  should  be  boiling  when  they  are  put  in. 

Ammonia  in  dish  water  brightens  silver. 

A  little  salt  rubbed  wet  on  a  spoon  will  remove  egg 
stains.  This  should  be  done  every  time  the  spoons  are 
used  for  this  purpose,  as  the  stains  are  much  harder  to 
remove  if  allowed  to  stand.  Whiting  mixed  with  am- 
monia and  water  makes  a  good  cleaning  preparation  for 
silver.  It  can  be  applied  in  the  wet  method  or  the  dry, 
the  former  being  easier  and  cleaner.  To  clean  silver  in 
the  wet  method  apply  the  whiting  and  let  it  dry.  Then 
wash  it  off  thoroughly  in  warm,  soapy  water  and  polish 
with  chamois  skin.  Or,  instead  of  washing  off  the  paste, 
the  latter  may  be  wiped  off  with  a  dry,  soft  duster.  A 
plate  brush  will  be  necessary  to  get  the  dried  powder  out 
of  the  crevices.  This  method  makes  a  good  deal  of  dust 
and  there  is  danger  of  scratching  the  surface  of  the 
plate. 

TO  CLEAN  PEWTER 

Fine  wood  ashes,  made  into  a  paste  with  vinegar  and 
salt,  will  clean  your  pewter ;  or  try  a  solution  of  oxalic 
acid,  followed  by  a  rub  with  whiting  and  water. 

FURNITURE  AND  ITS  STAINS 

Mahogany  furniture  should  be  washed  with  warm 
water  and  soap,  then  given  an  application  of  beeswax 

49 


and  linseed  oil  with  a  soft  cloth  and  polished  with 
chamois  to  a  rich  finish. 

Four  tablespoonfuls  of  turpentine,  four  of  sweet  oil, 
one  of  lemon  juice  and  ten  drops  of  ammonia  make  a 
fine  dressing  to  restore  the  polish  of  old  mahogany.  It 
should  be  shaken  thoroughly  before  using  and  applied 
with  a  soft  cloth. 

To  remove  white  spots  made  by  water  on  furniture, 
rub  lightly  with  spirits  of  camphor. 

A  paste  of  salad  oil  and  salt  is  said  to  remove  the 
white  marks  on  polished  trays  or  tables,  occasioned  by 
the  placing  upon  them  of  heated  articles.  The  mixture 
should  be  spread  lightly  over  the  stain  and  allowed  to 
remain  an  hour.  It  may  be  then  removed  with  a  soft, 
dry  cloth,  and  the  discoloration  will  vanish  with  it. 

Frequent  rubbings  with  olive  oil  prevent  fine  inlaid 
and  mosaic  furniture  from  cracking,  and  the  same  rem- 
edy is  excellent  for  olive  wood  boxes  and  tables. 

Cane  chair  bottoms  are  improved  by  thorough  soak- 
ings  in  hot  water,  and  a  later  drying  in  the  sun  and  air. 

Leather  chair  seats  may  be  cleaned  by  rubbing  with 
the  white  of  egg. 

Brass  bedsteads  and  other  lacquered  brass  furnish- 
ings which  have  lost  their  lustre  may  be  restored  with  a 
lacquer  made  of  one-eighth  ounce  of  powdered  gamboge, 
one  ounce  of  pale  shellac,  one-fourth  ounce  of  Cape  aloes 
and  a  pint  of  alcohol.  Put  the  ingredients  into  a  quart 
jar,  and  when  they  are  dissolved  strain  the  fluid  through 
a  thin  cloth.  Before  the  varnish  is  applied,  the  brass 

50 


must  be  perfectly  clean  and,  if  possible,  warm.  A  soft 
varnish  brush  will  answer  for  the  work.  If  one  does 
not  want  the  labor  of  applying  the  lacquer  a  furniture 
man  can  be  hired  to  do  it.  Even  in  that  case  there  will 
be  a  saving  of  expense  in  not  sending  the  articles  away 
for  treatment. 

For  oak  furniture  or  woodwork  that  needs  renew- 
ing, take  one  pint  of  paraffine  oil,  one  and  one-half  gills 
turpentine  and  three  tablespoonfuls  each  of  raw  umber 
and  whiting.  For  antique  oak  a  little  lampblack  should 
be  added. 

Marble  tables  and  mantels  which  are  stained  may  be 
cleaned  by  covering  the  discolored  places  with  a  mix- 
ture of  whiting  and  crude  potash.  Let  it  remain  over 
night,  and  then  wash  off  with  warm  water  and  a  little 
ammonia.  Wipe  it  dry  at  once,  and  polish  with  a  soft 
cloth  or  chamois. 

To  restore  lustre  to  furniture  marble,  prepare  on  the 
stove  a  composition  of  white  wax  and  essence  of  tur- 
pentine in  equal  parts,  and  when  this  is  cold,  rub  the 
parts  which  lack  lustre. 

TO  CLEAN  THE  HEARTH 

The  best  way  to  clean  stone  or  marble  hearths,  after 
washing  them  free  from  dust  with  a  soft  brush  and  soap 
and  water,  is  said  to  be  to  rub  with  pumice  stone  and 
soap,  rinse  with  cold  water,  and  dry  with  a  soft  cloth. 
This  will  remove  old  stains.  Obstinate  stains  or  varnish 
may  be  removed  with  alcohol. 

51 


CARE  OF  WOODWORK 

All  dark  paint  should  be  washed  with  water  in  which 
three  or  four  tablespoonfuls  of  ammonia  have  been 
added  to  a  pail  of  water. 

Woodwork  that  is  white  or  light  colored  should  be 
carefully  dusted  before  it  is  washed,  and  then  very  little 
water  should  be  used.  Dark  wood  can  be  cleaned  with 
a  cloth  moistened  with  oil  and  turpentine  or  with  kero- 
sene. 

It  does  no  special  harm  to  use  borax  or  some  white 
soap  in  washing  white  paint,  in  spite  of  the  directions 
often  given  to  the  contrary.  It  is  next  to  impossible  to 
clean  white  paint  which  has  not  been  varnished,  without 
the  use  of  some  soap. 

Ammonia  takes  finger  marks  from  paint. 

Polished  woods  should  not  be  cleaned  with  water  un- 
less actually  dirty.  In  that  case  a  sponge  should  be 
used,  and  a  speedy  polishing  with  oil  and  turpentine 
should  follow. 

CLEANING  HARDWOOD  FLOORS 
In  caring  for  hardwood  floors,  water  is  the  worst 
possible  thing  to  use  upon  them.  Any  liquid  spilled  on 
a  polished  floor,  unless  wiped  up  at  once,  leaves  a  dark, 
ugly  spot,  and  if  there  is  a  scratch  there,  discolors  it  per- 
manently. 

Sweep  daily,  and  dust  with  a  piece  of  ingrain  carpet 
under  the  foot  or  wrapped  about  a  broom.  If  there  are 
soiled  spots,  wipe  up  with  turpentine,  but  remember,  if 

52 


the  floor  is  waxed,  this  will  remove  the  wax,  and  this 
must  be  put  on  again,  being  careful  not  to  extend  the 
waxing  beyond  the  original  spot.  Melt  a  little  beeswax 
in  a  cup  over  the  register,  or  in  a  hot  bath  on  the  back  of 
the  range.  Apply  with  a  soft  cloth  and  rub  hard.  You 
cannot  put  too  much  strength  into  waxing,  but  if  you 
are  polishing  furniture  or  woodwork  with  pumice  stone 
and  oil,  or  pumice  stone  and  water,  rub  evenly,  with  a 
good  many  strokes,  but  do  not  bear  on  with  much 
weight. 

Once  a  week  all  waxed  floors  should  be  gone  over 
with  a  weighted  brush.  These  brushes  are  a  great  ex- 
pense to  start  with,  but  pay  for  themselves  in  the  end. 
They  should  always  be  covered  when  put  away,  and  kept 
on  the  first  floor. 

POLISHING  HARDWOOD  FLOORS 

To  one  quart  raw  linseed  oil,  add  one  pint  of  turpen- 
tine and  two  tablespoonfuls  of  alcohol.  Mix  well  and 
bottle.  Apply  with  flannel  cloth  and  rub  dry  with  clean 
flannel. 

A  cheap  floor  stain  can  be  made  by  dissolving  four 
ounces  of  permanganate  of  potash  in  a  pint  of  water. 

RUGS,  CARPETS  AND  MATTINGS 

A  connoisseur  in  rugs  advises  that  rugs  be  washed  at 
least  once  a  year.  "Wash  some  of  your  treasures/'  he 
says,  "and  you  will  wonder  at  their  real  glory  and 
color."  Good  soap  will  do  wonders  in  bringing  the 
original  beauty  back  to  a  rug,  if  the  cleaner  will  remem- 

53 


her  to  stroke  the  rug  softly  with  the  soap  while  the  rug 
is  drying. 

When  rugs  show  a  decided  tendency  to  curl  at  the 
corners,  sew  an  L-shaped  piece  of  buckram  to  the  under 
side. 

A  carpet  that  does  not  need  taking  up  can  be  won- 
derfully freshened  by  first  sweeping  it  very  thoroughly 
and  then  going  over  it  with  a  cloth  wrung  frequently  out 
of  clean  water  to  which  has  been  added  a  little  ammonia. 
A  thorough  method  of  cleaning  a  carpet,  and  one  which 
restores  its  colors  to  a  marked  degree,  is  to  first  take  it 
up  and  have  it  thoroughly  beaten,  then  secure  it  to  a 
floor  with  strong  tacks  at  the  corners,  and  scrub  it  with 
a  new  broom  dipped  into  a  pail  of  water  with  which  has 
been  mixed  oxgall  in  proportion  of  a  pint  to  three  gal- 
lons of  soft  water. 

To  brighten  and  freshen  carpets,  sprinkle  them  with 
tea  leaves  or  wet  papers  and  sweep  thoroughly  but 
lightly.  Grease  spots  may  be  drawn  out  by  covering 
the  spots  with  coarse  brown,  or  butcher's,  paper,  and 
then  passing  over  them  a  warm  flat-iron.  Put  a  little 
oxgall  in  a  pan  of  warm  water  and  with  a  fresh  cloth 
wrung  quite  dry,  again  go  over  the  carpet.  To  prevent 
moths  under  carpets,  use  coarsely  ground  black  pepper 
mixed  with  camphor  and  strew  thickly  about  the  floor. 

Remember  that  a  carpet  should  always  be  swept  the 
way  of  the  nap.  To  brush  the  other  way  is  to  brush  the 
dust  in.  Attend  to  all  stains  as  soon  as  possible.  If 

54 


left,  they  gradually  sink  into  the  carpet  and  are  much 
more  difficult  to  remove  than  if  done  at  once. 

Salt  used  in  sweeping  carpets  keeps  out  moths. 

Cloths  wrung  out  of  salt  water  are  best  for  cleaning 
matting. 

A  POLISH  FOR  LINOLEUM 

Beeswax  and  turpentine  polish,  for  linoleum,  is  hard 
to  beat  as  far  as  appearance  is  concerned,  but  it  has  one 
defect ;  it  causes  a  slipperiness  which  may  be  very  dan- 
gerous to  children  and  old  people.  A  polish  which  has 
no  such  objection  is  made  of  equal  parts  of  linseed  oil 
and  vinegar.  Apply  a  little  to  a  flannel  cloth,  rub  it 
well  on  the  linoleum  and  polish  with  a  clean,  dry  cloth. 

CARE  OF  THE  WALLS 

In  cleaning  the  walls  of  a  room  a  long  handled  broom 
covered  with  a  soft  cloth  should  be  used,  and  where 
there  are  spots  this  should  be  supplemented  with  stale 
bread.  The  latter  should  be  used  carefully,  rubbing  it 
in  one  direction,  and  discarding  it  as  soon  as  it  is  soiled. 

Soiled  wall  paper  may  be  made  to  look  as  fresh  as 
new  by  painstaking  use  of  bread  slices.  Cut  a  very  stale 
loaf  of  bread  into  slices  and  go  over  the  paper  very  light- 
ly, always  in  a  downward  direction.  Do  not  clean  more 
than  a  yard  at  a  time,  always  working  one  way  and 
leaving  no  marks  behind. 

Mix  plaster  of  paris  with  vinegar  instead  of  water 
and  you  will  find  it  excellent  to  stop  the  cracks  in  the 
wall. 

55 


PICTURES  AND  THEIR  FRAMES 

To  clean  old  paintings,  rub  lightly  with  slices  of  raw 
potato  and  afterwards  wash  with  a  sponge  slightly 
dampened  in  soap  and  water. 

To  whiten  yellowed  antique  engravings,  fumigate 
with  burned  sulphur. 

Stale  bread  will  clean  soiled  drawings  and  photo- 
graphs. 

For  cleaning  gold  frames,  beat  together  96  drachms 
of  albumen  of  egg  and  32  drachms  of  javelle  water  and 
its  equivalent  in  hypochloride  of  potassium.  "With  this 
mixture,  wash  the  frames,  using  a  small  paint  brush. 
Afterward  apply  a  coat  of  the  usual  gilder's  varnish. 

Gilt  frames  may  also  be  cleaned  and  brightened  by 
rubbing  them  gently  with  a  soft  flannel  cloth  dipped  in 
the  juice  of  boiled  onions. 

Gilt  frames  may  be  improved  or  restored  by  being 
rubbed  with  a  sponge  moistened  with  turpentine. 

Any  break  or  loosening  in  picture  frames  should  be 
repaired  at  once,  else  the  dust  and  damp  will  enter  and 
soil  the  picture,  as  well  as  the  mat,  if  there  is  one.  Per- 
fectly clean,  dry  cloths  should  be  used  for  dusting  gilt 
frames.  If  there  are  spots  on  frames  of  the  best  gilt, 
they  can  sometimes  be  removed  by  rubbing  them  with  a 
clean  cloth  moistened  in  very  weak  ammonia  water. 
Cheap  frames  are  seldom  improved  by  anything  but  a 
dusting,  although  chloride  of  potash  or  soda  mixed  with 
white  of  egg  is  said  by  some  to  revive  their  brilliancy. 

56 


CARE  OF  LAMPS 

What  object  of  household  use  causes  so  much  an- 
noyance as  the  lamp  ?  Yet  the  most  refractory  chimney 
may  be  controlled  with  a  little  intelligent  care.  Keep 
all  openings  in  the  lamp  perfectly  clear  and  free  from 
obstruction,  both  inside  and  outside,  to  insure  perfect 
draught.  In  cutting  the  wick  remove  all  the  char  from 
it,  leaving  a  thin  line  of  black.  Be  careful  to  cut  it 
evenly,  slightly  rounding  it  at  the  corners.  It  is  better 
to  rub  the  char  off  with  a  soft  cloth  than  to  cut  it  with  a 
knife  or  scissors. 

Lamp  smoking  is  stopped  by  soaking  the  wick  in 
vinegar. 

A  lamp  wick  will  give  a  brighter,  stronger  flame  if 
the  end  in  the  oil  is  frayed  out  for  an  inch. 

Never  touch  the  chimney  of  a  lamp  with  water.  A 
few  drops  of  kerosene  oil  will  remove  the  smoke  and 
dimness,  and  a  rub  with  soft  flannel  or  chamois  skin  will 
result  in  a  clear  polish.  Clean  every  bit  of  the  burner 
with  a  rag  dipped  in  kerosene,  and  polish  it  dry  and 
bright.  Boil  very  dirty,  neglected  burners  in  soda  and 
water.  See  that  the  outside  of  the  lamp  is  dry,  clean 
and  perfectly  free  from  oil  after  being  filled.  Each  day 
rub  off  the  burned  portion  of  the  wick  with  a  duster ;  do 
not  cut  the  wick.  Do  not  fill  a  lamp  to  the  brim. 

A  teaspoonful  of  salt  in  a  kerosene  lamp  makes  the 
oil  give  a  clear,  bright  light. 

TO  CLEAN  METAL  ORNAMENTS 

Brassware  can  be  kept  bright  and  fresh  by  using  a 

57 


cut  lemon.  Rub  the  lemon  into  all  the  little  interstices 
and  give  the  article  a  good  polishing.  Then  wash  in 
clean,  warm  water  and  dry  with  a  chamois  or  a  soft 
piece  of  Canton  flannel. 

Oxalic  acid  is  the  best  agent  for  cleaning  brass  and- 
irons, candlesticks,  etc.,  which  have  suffered  from  neg- 
lect. It  is  applied  with  a  flannel  cloth,  and  a  brisk  pol- 
ishing with  chamois  follows.  A  paste  made  of  rotten- 
stone  and  turpentine  is  all  that  is  required  for  polishing 
brass  that  simply  needs  brightening. 

Kerosene  cleans  brass,  but  it  should  be  wiped  after- 
ward with  dry  whiting. 

Vinegar  will  brighten  copper. 

Bronzes  should  be  dusted  with  a  soft  cloth  and  then 
rubbed  with  a  cloth  moistened  with  sweet  oil.  Then  rub 
with  a  soft  cloth  and  polish  with  chamois. 

Cleaning  of  gilt  and  bronze  articles  can  be  done  by 
mixing :  200  drachms  of  water,  64  drachms  of  nitric  acid, 
8  drachms  of  sulphate  of  albumen.  Rub  this  on  rapidly 
and  lightly  with  cotton  and  wash  off  with  liquid  am- 
monia. 

SCREEN  DOORS  AND  WINDOWS 

Have  your  door  and  window  screens  enameled  in  the 
fall  before  they  are  stored  away.  The  rust  will  not  cor- 
rode them  and  they  will  last  much  longer. 

TWO  WAYS  TO  CLEAN  A  SPONGE 

How  often  do  sponges  become  disagreeable  and  slimy 
through  being  allowed  to  lie  in  soapy  water.  The  most 

58 


effectual  way  of  cleaning  them  is  to  place  them  in  a 
basin  of  strong  vinegar  and  water.  After  soaking  for 
a  while,  work  them  well  about,  and  then  rinse  them  in 
clear,  cold  water. 

To  keep  a  sponge  from  becoming  sour  or  slimy  soak 
it  frequently  in  strong  borax  or  soda  water.  After  each 
immersion  wring  it  out  thoroughly  and  afterward  hang 
up  to  dry  in  the  sunlight. 

PLASTER  CASTS  AND  THEIR  CARE 

Those  who  have  plaster  casts  that  they  wish  to  pre- 
serve may  protect  them  from  dust  by  brushing  them 
with  a  preparation  of  white  wax  and  white  soap,  half  a 
tablespoonful  of  each,  boiled  with  a  quart  of  rain  or 
other  soft  water.  Use  when  cold,  and  when  they  are 
dried  the  casts  may  be  wiped  with  a  damp  cloth  without 
injury.  To  harden  casts,  brush  with  a  strong  solution  of 
alum  water,  and  brush  with  white  wax  dissolved  in  tur- 
pentine. Put  the  cast  in  a  warm  place  to  dry  after 
using  the  latter,  and  it  will  have  a  look  not  unlike  that 
of  old  ivory. 

To  clean  plaster  of  paris  ornaments,  cover  them  with 
a  thick  coating  of  starch.  Then  it  may  be  brushed  off 
and  the  dirt  with  it. 

MENDING  CHINA  AND  MARBLE 

China  and  porcelain  may  be  neatly  and  easily  mended 
with  a  paste  composed  of  oxide  of  zinc  and  chloride  of 
zinc.  The  paste  is  pure  white,  and  hardens  quickly,  but 

59 


until  it  is  quite  set  it  is  better  to  fasten  the  parts  to- 
gether by  binding  round  with  twine. 

Plain  white  glue,  with  a  small  addition  of  milk,  is  ad- 
vised as  a  simple  waterproof  cement  for  marble  or  por- 
celain. Plaster  of  paris  or  unslacked  lime,  moistened 
with  white  of  egg,  is  also  efficacious  in  such  household 
fractures,  while  white  lead  and  plain  putty,  though  not 
so  sightly,  are  a  most  convenient  and  reliable  means  of 
mending  plain  crockery. 

For  mending  broken  terra  cotta  or  marble,  use  4 
parts  of  gum  arabic,  3  parts  of  starch,  1  part  of  sugar,  as 
much  water  as  is  necessary  to  make  a  mucilage  of  this. 
You  can  prepare  this  mucilage  in  a  moderate  heat ;  then 
place  it  in  a  closely  sealed  bottle.  To  prevent  this  mix- 
ture becoming  altered  by  contact  with  the  air,  apply  it 
with  a  smooth  brush  in  as  small  quantities  as  possible. 

A  HOME-MADE  CEMENT 

It  is  sometimes  very  convenient  to  have  a  cement  for 
India  rubber,  by  means  of  which  a  worn  spot  in  the  over- 
shoes, or  any  rubber  article,  may  be  repaired  without 
expense  or  trouble.  To  make  a  small  quantity  of  such  a 
cement,  sufficient  to  keep  for  emergency,  purchase  five 
cents'  worth  of  red  rubber  from  some  dealer  in  dentists' 
supplies.  Cut  it  into  bits,  put  it  into  a  bottle  and  cover 
it  with  chloroform.  In  about  ten  minutes  it  will  be  dis- 
solved. It  should  be  applied  with  a  brush  like  a  muci- 
lage brush.  Do  not  leave  the  bottle  uncorked  for  an  in- 
stant, except  while  removing  the  brush,  and  apply  the 

60 


cement  as  rapidly  as  possible,  or  it  will  harden.  Where 
there  is  a  large  hole,  a  piece  of  what  is  known  as  '  *  rub- 
ber dam  ' '  which  may  also  be  purchased  from  a  dealer  in 
dentists'  supplies,  may  be  useful.  Cut  out  a  piece  of 
this  of  suitable  size,  fasten  it  over  the  hole  with  a  few 
stitches,  and  brush  over  the  rubber  with  the  cement. 
Care  should  be  taken  not  to  inhale  any  chloroform,  nor 
to  leave  this  cement  where  children  can  get  to  it. 

JAVELLE  WATER 

To  make  javelle  water,  dissolve  one-half  pound  of 
sal  soda  in  one  pint  of  boiling  water,  and  dissolve  one- 
fourth  pound  of  chloride  of  lime  in  one  quart  of  cold 
water.  Pour  off  the  clear  liquid  from  both  and  mix. 
Bottle  the  fluid  and  keep  it  in  a  dark  place. 

A  SIMPLE  WAY  TO  AVOID  DUST 
Here  is  a  hint  in  regard  to  the  prevention  of  dust 
that  is  well  worth  the  attention  of  housekeepers.  Dutch 
artists  of  old,  who  had  a  perfect  terror  of  dust,  always 
chose,  if  possible,  to  have  their  studios  in  close  proxim- 
ity to  a  canal.  If  this  was  not  practicable  they  got  over 
the  difficulty  by  keeping  a  large  tub  of  water  in  their 
studios,  most  of  the  dust  flying  about  the  room  being 
caught  in  this  receptacle.  The  neighborhood  of  a  river, 
the  substitute  for  the  Dutch  canal,  may  not  always  be 
desirable  at  the  present  time,  but  a  bowl  of  water,  espe- 
cially in  these  days  when  we  rejoice  in  any  excuse  for 
multiplying  the  bric-a-brac  in  our  rooms,  is  within  every 
one's  reach. 


USE  FOR  NEWSPAPERS 

Newspapers  firmly  rolled  together,  adjusted  prop- 
erly and  hung  by  a  string  from  the  center,  make  a  good 
skirt  and  coat  supporter  for  one  who  travels. 

Newspapers  torn  into  small  pieces,  dampened  and 
scattered  on  the  carpets  before  sweeping  keep  the  dust 
from  rising  and  help  to  clean  the  carpets. 

The  printing  ink  on  newspapers  is  an  enemy  to 
moths;  they  may  therefore  be  used  to  advantage  for 
wrapping  material. 

As -newspapers  are  invaluable  in  keeping  out  air, 
they  may  be  used  as  chest  protectors,  keeping  ice  when 
thoroughly  wrapped ;  cool  drinks  may  be  kept  so,  for  a 
long  time  by  this  use  of  the  newspaper. 

Soft  newspaper  is  excellent  too,  for  polishing  win- 
dows and  mirrors. 

TO  LOOSEN  A  GLASS  STOPPER 

When  a  glass  stopper  becomes  fixed  in  a  bottle,  do 
not  use  violent  means  to  extract  it,  but  proceed  as  fol- 
lows :  take  the  bottle  in  your  left  hand,  and  hold  it  hori- 
zontally over  a  basin  of  water,  while  with  your  right 
hand  you  pour  very  hot  water  over  its  neck.  Heating 
the  neck  of  the  bottle  will  cause  it  to  expand,  and  thus 
the  stopper  (which  remains  cold)  will  become  loose  and 
easy  to  remove.  Do  not  make  the  mistake  of  pouring 
over  the  stopper,  for  if  you  expand  that  as  well  as  the 
neck  of  the  bottle,  it  will  remain  as  fast  as  ever. 


TO  SOFTEN  WATER 

For  those  who  cannot  obtain  rain  water,  the  follow- 
ing method  for  making  hard  water  beautifully  soft  will 
be  found  useful.  Set  a  washing  tub  full  of  water,  into 
which  has  been  put  two  pounds  of  common  soda,  to 
stand  all  night.  In  the  morning  pour  off  the  water, 
leaving  the  white  sediment  at  the  bottom  of  the  tub. 
The  water  will  be  perfectly  clear  and  pure  and  soft. 

CLEANING  THE  CELLAR 

Nothing  is  more  important— perhaps,  indeed  noth- 
ing is  so  important— in  the  spring  rejuvenations  as  the 
cleansing  of  the  cellar.  Plenty  of  light  should  be  turned 
on  so  that  no  particle  of  decaying  organic  matter  in  the 
way  of  fruits  or  vegetables  is  overlooked.  Rat  and 
mouse  holes  should  be  filled  with  chloride  of  lime.  The 
furnace  and  coal  bins  should  be  thoroughly  cleaned  out. 
Generous  coatings  of  whitewash  will  add  to  the  cleanli- 
ness of  the  place  and  the  safety  of  the  family  health.  If 
the  cellar  is  of  the  modern  sort  and  has  a  drain  pipe  in 
the  cement  floor,  flush  it  in  all  its  corners  with  a  hose, 
but  see  that  it  is  dried  thoroughly. 

THINGS  IT  IS  WELL  TO  KNOW 

If  you  happen  to  break  a  glass  or  valuable  glass  or- 
nament, it  can  be  easily  and  effectually  mended  in  the 
following  way.  Melt  a  little  isinglass  in  spirits  of  wine, 
add  a  small  quantity  of  water ;  warm  the  mixture  gently 
over  a  moderate  fire.  When  mixed  by  thoroughly  melt- 
ing, it  will  form  a  perfectly  transparent  glue,  which  will 


unite  glass  so  nicely  and  firmly  that  the  joint  will  scarce- 
ly be  noticed  by  the  most  critical  eye. 

To  restore  an  eiderdown  quilt  to  its  original  fluffy 
lightness,  hang  it  out  of  doors  in  the  sunshine  several 
hours. 

A  thin  paste  made  of  whiting  and  cold  tea  is  a  splen- 
did mixture  with  which  to  clean  mirrors. 

A  copper  cent  rubbed  on  the  window  pane  will  re- 
move paint  or  plaster  specks. 

The  juice  of  a  lemon  squeezed  into  a  sponge  will 
cleanse  and  sweeten  it. 

A  tablespoonful  of  turpentine  boiled  with  white 
clothes  will  greatly  aid  the  whitening  process. 

To  renew  old  bedsteads,  bureaus,  tables  or  wash- 
stands,  polish  with  two  ounces  of  olive  oil,  two  ounces  of 
vinegar  and  one  tablespoonful  of  gum  arabic. 

If  in  covering  a  kitchen  table  with  oilcloth,  a  layer 
of  brown  paper  is  put  on  first,  it  will  prevent  the  oil- 
cloth cracking  and  make  it  wear  three  times  as  long. 

Salt  is  the  best  thing  for  scouring  copper  vessels,  and 
a  lemon  cut  in  halves  and  dipped  in  salt  will  remove  all 
stains. 

Brass  Articles.— Brass  candle-sticks  and  ornaments, 
blackened  by  neglect,  may  be  cleaned  by  a  little  oxalic 
acid  (poison !)  rubbed  on  with  flannel  and  polished  with 
chamois. 

Glassware. — Glass  vases  which  are  stained  can  be 
cleaned,  with  torn  up  fragments  of  wet  newspaper 
shaken  around  in  them.  Small  tacks  and  nails  are 

64 


preferable  to  shot,  which  is  often  used  for  cleaning  de- 
canters. Mirrors  can  be  cleaned  with  a  sponge  dipped 
in  alcohol  and  then  dusted  over  with  powdered  blue  and 
polished  with  a  soft  or  silk  cloth.  A  little  washing  soda 
should  be  dissolved  in  the  water  with  which  windows 
are  to  be  washed. 

To  Rid  Buildings  of  Rats.— Scatter  strong,  freshly 
slacked  lime  in  their  runways.  A  rat  will  not  pass  many 
times  over  a  runway  sprinkled  with  quicklime,  as  it 
makes  their  feet  sore  and  sometimes  removes  the  hair 
from  parts  of  their  bodies  where  lime  comes  in  contact 
with  it. 

To  Remove  Slugs  from  Roses  and  Shrubs.— Kerosene 
emulsion :  Two  parts  of  kerosene  oil,  one  part  of  slightly 
soured  milk.  Stir  these  until  they  become  a  jelly,  then 
add  twenty  parts  of  water. 

Tobacco  solution  for  roses  is  made  by  boiling  the 
leaves  or  stems  of  tobacco.  The  liquid  should  be  made 
about  the  strength  of  weak  tea. 

A  little  salt  sprinkled  on  a  hot  stove  will  remove  any 
disagreeable  odor. 

Clothes-pins,  boiled  a  few  minutes  and  quickly  dried, 
once  a  month,  become  more  durable. 

Always  oil  your  wringer.  Do  not  fail  to  oil  your 
wringer  every  time  you  wash.  If  oiled  often,  there  is 
less  wear  on  the  machinery  and  less  strength  is  expended 
by  the  operator.  To  clean  the  rollers,  rub  them  first 
with  a  cloth  saturated  with  kerosene  oil  and  follow  with 


soap  and  water.  Always  loosen  the  rollers  before  put- 
ting the  wringer  away. 

If  a  cellar  has  a  damp  smell,  and  cannot  be  thorough- 
ly ventilated,  a  few  trays  of  charcoal  set  on  the  floor  and 
shelves,  will  make  the  air  pure  and  sweet. 

Old  stockings  make  excellent  mop-cloths. 

If  you  put  soap  on  a  nail  before  you  drive  it,  the 
wood  will  not  split. 

Always  pour  medicines  or  extracts  from  the  side  of 
the  bottle  opposite  the  label,  which  will  then  be  kept 
clean  and  readable. 

Wax  rubbed  on  the  inside  of  pillow  ticking  will  pre- 
vent the  down  from  sifting  through  so  readily. 

Antique  brocade  often  regains  some  of  its  lost  color 
if  rubbed  with  a  sponge  dampened  in  chloroform.  This 
is  a  method  used  by  the  antiquaries. 

Enamel  cloth  is  suggested  as  a  good  floor  covering 
for  closets,  being  easily  fitted  and  also  easily  taken  up 
and  relaid. 

Old  towels  may  be  made  to  renew  their  youth,  says 
an  economical  housewife,  by  cutting  them  through  the 
centre  and  sewing  the  two  outside  edges  together.  The 
raison  d  'etre  of  this  is  that  the  towels  get  thin  down  the 
centre  long  before  the  sides  are  worn. 

Turn  your  plush  lap  robe  so  that  the  nap  runs  down. 
It  will  then  catch  on  your  clothing,  and  will  not  be  con- 
tinually slipping  away  from  you  on  a  cold  day. 

Polished  ironwork  can  be  preserved  from  rust  by  an 
inexpensive  mixture  made  of  copal  varnish  mixed  with 


as  much  olive  oil  as  will  give  it  a  degree  of  greasiness 
and  afterward  adding  to  this  mixture  as  much  spirits  of 
turpentine  as  of  varnish. 

Coffee  is  a  fairly  good  air  purifier.  A  little  burned 
on  hot  coals  will  purify  a  sick  room  and  abolish  bad 
smells.  Many  physicians  think  highly  of  the  bracing 
effects  of  coffee  taken  before  they  visit  cases  of  infec- 
tious disease. 

A  jar  of  lime  on  the  pantry  shelf  or  on  the  cellar  floor 
will  keep  the  room  dry  and  the  air  pure. 

When  a  boy 's  room  is  not  furnished  with  a  couch,  the 
boy  is  extremely  apt  to  lie  on  the  bed  to  read,  the  chances 
of  his  removing  his  shoes  or  protecting  the  white  spread 
before  lying  down  being  extremely  slender.  Rather 
than  indulge  in  vain  remonstrances,  banish  the  white 
spread  altogether,  and  substitute  denim,  blue,  if  it  can 
be  made  to  fit  into  the  color  scheme  of  the  room.  Have 
the  centre  of  the  spread  plain,  with  a  border  twelve  to 
eighteen  inches  deep  of  figured  denim,  fleur-de-lis,  or 
something  similar.  The  denim  takes  on  a  better  color 
as  repeated  washings  dull  its  first  brightness.  It  does 
not  easily  wrinkle  and  the  comfort  of  the  boys  is  in- 
sured. 

It  is  a  good  idea  to  put  a  little  shot  in  the  bottom  of 
tall  vases.  Then  they  are  not  so  liable  to  be  knocked 
over  by  careless  hands. 

If  a  bucket  of  paint  has  to  be  left  open,  stir  it  thor- 
oughly, so  as  to  dissolve  all  the  oil,  then  fill  up  with 

67 


water.  When  the  paint  is  to  be  used,  pour  off  the  water, 
and  the  paint  will  be  as  fresh  as  when  first  opened. 

A  feather  dipped  in  oil  and  applied  to  creaking  hinges 
and  stiff  locks  and  door  knobs  will  work  wonders. 

Kerosene  will  remove  rust  from  bolts  and  bars. 

If  a  picture  has  been  crushed  in  the  mails  or  in  any 
other  way,  dampen  the  creases  and  press  with  a  warm 
iron. 

Clean  white  ivory  knife  handles  and  white  marble 
with  damp  salt. 

Curtain  rods  may  be  passed  through  the  casing  of  a 
curtain  far  more  easily,  and  with  less  risk  of  damage  to 
the  muslin  or  lace,  if  the  finger  of  an  old  kid  glove  is 
slipped  over  the  end  of  the  rod  which  enters  the  casing 
first. 

Flatiron  holders,  if  lined  with  a  layer  of  old  soft 
leather,  like  the  top  of  a  boot,  will  protect  your  hand 
from  heat  far  better  than  if  made  in  the  ordinary  way. 

Wet  umbrellas  should  be  stood  on  their  handles  to 
dry.  This  allows  the  water  to  run  out  of  them  instead 
of  into  the  part  where  the  ribs  and  the  silk  meet,  thus 
causing  the  metal  to  rust  and  the  silk  to  rot. 


CARE  OF  BOOKS 


CARE  OF  BOOKS 

TO  REMOVE  INK  STAINS 

Spirits  of  salts  diluted  with  six  times  its  bulk  of 
water  applied  to  the  spot  and  after  a  minute  washed  off 
with  clear  water  will  remove  ink  stains. 

TO  REMOVE  GREASE  OR  WAX  SPOTS 
Wash  the  stained  places  with  ether,  chloroform  or 
benzine,  then  place  between  blotting  paper  and  pass  a 
hot  iron  over  them. 

POLISHING  OLD  BINDINGS 

Take  the  yolk  of  an  egg,  beat  up  with  a  fork  and 
apply  with  a  sponge,  having  first  cleaned  the  leather 
with  a  dry  flannel.  When  the  leather  is  broken,  rubbed 
or  decayed,  rub  a  little  paste  into  the  parts  to  fill  up  the 
holes,  otherwise  the  yolk  will  sink  into  the  cracks  and 
turn  them  black. 

TO  KEEP  INK  FROM  FREEZING 
Add  a  few  drops  of  brandy,  or  other  spirits.     A  little 
salt  will  prevent  ink  from  moulding. 

TO  MAKE  OLD  WRITING  LEGIBLE 
In  a  pint  of  boiling  water  put  six  gall  nuts  and  let  it 
stand  for  three  days.     Wash  the  writing  with  the  mix- 

70 


ture  to  restore  the  color,  and  if  not  strong  enough,  add 
more  galls. 

NOTES 

Never  destroy  an  antique  binding  if  in  moderate  con- 
dition.    If  necessary,  repair  it  carefully. 

Do  not  allow  your  books  to  get  damp,  as  they  soon 
mildew. 

Do  not  allow  books  to  be  too  long  in  a  very  warm 
place. 

Repair  torn  leaves  neatly  with  paste. 

Never  permit  a  volume  to  be  cut  down  in  binding. 
This  destroys  its  proportions  and  lessens  its  value. 

Pencil  notes,  in  books,  may  be  rendered  indelible  by 
washing  with  a  soft  sponge  dipped  in  warm  milk. 


71 


DISINFECTION  AND  HOUSE  PESTS 


DISINFECTION  AND  HOUSE  PESTS 

DISINFECTING  SLEEPING  ROOMS 

Prof.  Koning  of  Gottingen,  in  an  article  on  this  sub- 
ject, says  that  at  one  time,  while  he  was  practicing  medi- 
cine in  Hanau,  he  suddenly  discovered  that  his  bedroom 
was  thickly  inhabited  by  obnoxious  insects.  A  friend 
assured  him  that  he  could  easily  get  rid  of  the  pests,  and 
proceeded  to  fumigate  the  apartments  with  corrosive 
sublimate.  The  success  of  this  measure  was  most  grati- 
fying, and  when  the  room  was  opened  the  dead  bodies  of 
various  kinds  of  insects  were  seen  strewn  about  the  floor. 
This  incident  led  the  professor  to  hope  that  the  same 
means  would  be  effectual  in  destroying  the  infectious 
elements  of  contagious  diseases,  and  a  trial  in  private 
houses  after  scarlet  fever  or  measles,  and  in  hospitals 
after  erysipelas  or  pyaemia,  gave  most  satisfactory  re- 
sults. Since  adopting  this  method  he  has  never  seen  a 
second  case  of  a  contagious  disease  which  could  be  at- 
tributed to  infection  remaining  in  the  room  in  which  the 
patient  had  been  confined.  The  mode  of  procedure  is 
very  simple.  From  one  and  a  half  to  two  ounces  of  cor- 
rosive sublimate  are  put  on  a  plate  over  a  chafing  dish, 
and  then  the  windows  and  doors  of  the  room  are  closed. 
At  the  expiration  of  three  or  four  hours  the  windows  are 


opened  and  the  apartment  is  thoroughly  aired.  The 
person  entering  the  room  should  take  the  precaution  to 
hold  a  sponge  or  cloth  over  the  mouth  and  nose  in  order 
not  to  inhale  the  vapor.  The  following  day  the  win- 
dows are  again  closed,  and  some  sulphur  is  burned  in 
order  to  neutralize  any  of  the  mercurial  fumes  which 
may  linger  about  the  furniture  and  other  articles.  The 
room  should  then  be  again  aired  and  cleaned,  when  it 
will  be  ready  for  occupancy. 

HOUSE  PESTS 

The  last  week  of  February  is  the  proper  time  to  fight 
house  pests,  and  a  thorough  examination  of  beds  and 
carpets  and  anything  in  the  house  that  might  possibly 
harbor  the  eggs  of  these  creatures  is  necessary  before 
they  have  a  chance  to  hatch,  which  they  will  do  if  not 
cleaned  out  when  the  warm  spring  days  arrive. 

Before  the  preliminary  cleaning  is  concluded,  it  is 
well  to  take  a  bowl  of  mixed  turpentine  and  kerosene, 
and  with  a  long-handled  paint  brush  go  over  every  crack 
in  the  paint  and  around  the  edges  of  the  floor.  The  com- 
bination of  the  two  oils  seems  especially  deadly  to  all 
animal  life,  while  the  odor  is  quickly  dissipated. 

THE  BUFFALO  MOTH 

It  is  in  the  month  of  April  or  late  in  March  that  the 
grubs  of  the  Buffalo  moth  appear.  It  is  this  worm-like 
grub  which  eats  the  carpets,  and  not  the  beetle.  After 
the  grub  turns  into  the  beetle  it  does  not  deign  to  touch 
wool  or  carpets  of  any  kind,  but  feeds  on  the  spirea  and 

74 


other  plants.  It  has  however  a  remarkable  sense  of 
locality,  and  when  it  is  ready  to  lay  its  eggs,  comes  back 
unerringly  to  the  spot  whence  it  emerged  from  the  grub 
state,  and  even  to  the  very  same  corner  of  the  room  or 
dark  closet,  and  lays  its  eggs  for  a  new  generation  of 
grubs.  The  beetle  is  never  found  about  the  house  ex- 
cept for  the  short  period  when  it  is  laying  its  eggs.  If 
benzine  is  poured  freely  on  the  edges  of  the  carpets 
when  signs  of  these  moths  are  present,  it  will  destroy  the 
grub  and  eggs.  It  is  a  good  thing  to  do  this  at  the  time 
of  the  fall  house-cleaning,  and  repeat  the  process  again 
in  the  spring,  or  at  this  season  before  the  grub  hatches 
out. 

Benzine  seems  to  be  about  the  most  effectual  thing 
with  which  to  exterminate  these  pests.  Clean  out  all 
the  closets  and  places  where  woolen  clothing  is  hanging. 
Air  such  clothing  as  is  not  in  use  by  hanging  it  on  a 
clothes-line  in  the  open  air  and  sunshine. 

THE  ORDINARY  MOTH 

The  common  house  moth  is  not  difficult  to  extermi- 
nate if  all  the  ceilings  and  walls  are  well  brushed  early 
in  the  spring  before  the  new  generation  begins  to  ap- 
pear. Air  the  closets  thoroughly  and  clean  the  floors 
with  hot  water  and  soap,  or  if  of  hard  wood,  rub  them 
with  kerosene. 

Cedar  oil  applied  to  crevices  of  trunks  and  chests  is 
a  far  better  preventative  against  moths,  and  certainly 
less  disagreeable,  than  moth  balls. 

75 


Laying  a  carpet  down  before  the  room  is  thoroughly 
dry  after  scrubbing,  is  a  frequent  cause  of  moths  in  car- 
pets. The  floor  should  be  absolutely  dry  before  the  car- 
pet is  relaid  and  it  is  a  wise  precaution  to  sprinkle  a 
little  insect  powder  between  it  and  the  floor.  To  eradi- 
cate moths  from  carpets,  damp  heat  is  best,  for  thus  the 
eggs  are  destroyed.  Wring  a  cloth  out  in  hot  water,  lay 
it  on  the  carpet  and  then  go  over  it  with  a  hot  iron.  Do 
this  on  a  fine  day  and  afterward  keep  doors  and  win- 
dows of  the  room  open  till  the  carpet  is  quite  dry. 

It  is  not  generally  known  that  strong,  sweet  odors 
are  as  good  a  preventative  of  moths  as  disagreeable 
odors,  for  if  it  were  known  all  the  moth  exterminators 
would  not  smell  so  unpleasant.  When  putting  away 
clothing  and  furs  for  the  summer,  they  must  be  well 
aired,  sunned  and  brushed,  to  be  sure  that  you  do  not 
pack  them  away  with  the  moth  eggs  already  in  them. 
If  this  is  carefully  done,  clothes  may  be  put  with  the  fol- 
lowing mixture,  tied  up  in  muslin  bags  and  pinned  to 
the  garments,  put  inside  muffs,  in  the  band  boxes,  etc. : 
One  ounce  each  of  cloves,  mace,  carraway  seeds,  cinna- 
mon, tonquin  beans,  nutmeg  and  orris  root.  Of  course, 
they  should  all  be  ground,  mixed  well  and  put  in  small 
bags  containing  a  tablespoonful  each.  In  this  way  gar- 
ments will  not  only  be  safe  from  moths,  but  will  smell 
sweet  when  taken  out  in  the  autumn. 


76 


ROACHES 

Oil  of  peppermint  is  a  strong  disinfectant  and  germi- 
cide, and  it  is  said  that  one  part  in  a  hundred  thousand 
of  water,  kills  roaches. 

BED-BUGS 

Every  requirement  of  comfort  and  cleanliness  nat- 
urally protests  against  bed-bugs,  and  beds,  no  matter 
how  apparently  free  from  them,  should  be  carefully  ex- 
amined in  the  early  spring.  An  excellent  precaution  is 
to  moisten  all  parts  of  bedsteads  with  kerosene  oil,  and 
let  them  stand  open  until  the  oil  has  evaporated.  If  this 
is  not  effectual  paint  all  parts  of  the  inside  of  the  bed- 
stead with  the  following  solution :  Mix  an  ounce  of  cor- 
rosive sublimate,  which  is  a  powerful  poison,  and  an 
ounce  of  crude  sal-ammoniac  with  half  a  pint  of  alcohol, 
and  add  half  a  pint  of  turpentine.  Shake  well  before 
using. 

Vermin  of  na  kind  will  stay  upon  clothing  that  is 
scented  with  either  oil  of  cloves,  oil  of  cinnamon,  anise 
oil  or  cedar  oil.  This  is  a  valuable  secret  for  the  trav- 
eler, for  a  small  bottle  will  protect  him  from  the  vermin 
often  found  in  hotel  beds.  No  bed-bug  will  venture  be- 
tween sheets  so  scented,  and  a  few  drops  is  all  that  is 
required. 

MICE 

Mice  may  be  driven  from  their  haunts  by  cayenne 
pepper.  This  should  be  dusted  on  to  shelves,  and  into 
cracks  and  corners. 

77 


Camphor  in  drawers  will  prevent  mice  from  injuring 
the  contents. 

ANTS 

An  easy  way  of  ridding  the  house  of  black  ants  is  to 
brush  all  the  crevices  that  are  frequented  by  the  tiny 
pests  with  alum  and  water,  mixed  in  the  proportion  of 
two  pounds  of  alum  to  three  quarts  of  water,  and  ap- 
plied boiling  hot. 

Strew  the  storeroom  shelves  with  a  few  cloves  to 
drive  away  the  ants. 

Sprinkle  places  infested  by  ants  with  borax  and  you 
will  soon  be  rid  of  them. 

Fine  coal  ashes  sprinkled  about  the  burrows  of  ants 
will  send  these  troublesome  little  pests  to  other  quarters. 

Ants  may  be  routed  by  drenching  their  nests  with 
boiling  water,  saturating  them  with  coal  oil  or  sprink- 
ling about  their  haunts  ashes  saturated  with  kerosene. 
If  the  nest  cannot  be  found  they  can  be  trapped  and 
killed  by  placing  sweet  oil  where  they  can  have  access 
to  it.  They  are  very  fond  of  it,  but  it  has  the  effect  of 
closing  their  spiracles  and  thus  asphyxiates  them.  Still 
another  plan  is  to  attract  them  by  bits  of  sponge  moist- 
ened with  sweetened  water,  then  several  times  a  day 
collect  them  and  destroy  by  immersion  in  boiling  water. 


STAINS 


STAINS 

TO  REMOVE   RUST 

Iron  rust  will  almost  always  give  way  under  salt 
moistened  with  lemon  juice,  repeated  at  intervals.  If 
obstinate,  the  spots  must  be  subjected  to  the  harsher 
treatment  of  muriatic  acid. 

Muriatic  acid  will  remove  iron  rust,  but  care  must  be 
taken  lest  it  weaken  the  fabric  that  it  has  touched.  An 
old  and  tried  plan  is  to  have  two  bowls  at  hand,  one  filled 
with  boiling,  the  other  with  hot  water.  Place  the  cloth 
containing  the  spot  over  the  hot  water,  and  touch  the 
spot  to  be  removed  with  a  cork  wet  with  the  acid.  It 
will  turn  a  bright  yellow,  and  should  be  plunged  at  once 
into  the  boiling  water,  when  it  will  disappear.  After  all 
the  stains  have  received  this  treatment,  rinse  the  cloth 
in  several  waters,  putting  in  the  second  one  a  table- 
spoonful  of  ammonia.  This  will  neutralize  any  trace  of 
the  acid  that  may  remain.  At  least  two  other  rinsings 
in  clear  water  should  follow. 

Rust  may  be  removed  from  nickel  plating  by  cover- 
ing the  spots  with  mutton  tallow  and  letting  it  stand  for 
several  days.  If  this  treatment  is  followed  by  a  rub- 
bing with  powdered  rottenstone  and  then  by  a  thorough 
washing  with  strong  ammonia,  succeeded  by  clear  water 

80 


and  a  final  polishing  with  dry  whiting,  stubborn  cases 
will  yield. 

To  remove  rust  from  steel  put  the  article,  if  possible, 
in  a  dish  of  kerosene  oil  or  else  wrap  the  steel  in  a  cloth 
saturated  with  the  oil.  Leave  it  a  day  or  two.  Then 
apply,  if  the  spot  is  obstinate,  salt  wet  with  hot  vinegar 
or  scour  with  brick  dust.  Rinse  thoroughly  in  hot  water 
and  dry  with  a  flannel  cloth,  giving  a  last  polish  with  a 
clean  flannel  and  a  little  sweet  oil. 

If  an  article  that  has  become  rusty  is  soaked  in  kero- 
sene oil  for  some  time,  the  rust  will  become  loosened  and 
come  off  very  readily. 

PITCH  AND  TAR  STAINS 

Tar  must  be  removed  as  a  rule  by  means  of  grease, 
salad  oil  or  tallow  being  the  safest.  Then  how  to  get 
the  grease  out  without  injuring  the  color  depends  alto- 
gether upon  the  dye.  In  some  cases,  getting  the  bulk 
out  first  by  ironing  over  blotting  paper,  benzine  will  do 
the  rest ;  in  others  soda  or  ammonia  is  better ;  in  some  it 
is  difficult  to  name  anything  that  will  not  start  the  color. 
Except  with  really  fast  colors,  tar  is  a  desperate  case. 

To  remove  pitch  and  tar  stains,  rub  lard  on  the  stain 
and  let  it  stand  for  a  few  hours.  Sponge  with  spirits  of 
turpentine  until  the  stain  is  removed.  If  the  color  of 
the  fabric  be  changed,  sponge  it  with  chloroform  and 
the  color  will  be  restored. 

Kerosene  will  sometimes  remove  tar. 

81 


GRASS   STAINS 

Rub  the  article  stained  with  alcohol,  then  wash  in 
clean  water. 

OIL  STAINS 

To  take  out  a  kerosene  spot  from  woolen  fabrics, 
cover  the  stain  on  both  sides  with  French  chalk  and 
leave  over  night.  Press  between  clean  blotting  paper 
with  a  warm  iron. 

Sewing  machine  oil  stains  can  be  removed  by  rub- 
bing the  stain  with  sweet  oil  or  lard  and  letting  it  stand 
for  several  hours.  Then  wash  it  in  soap  and  cold  water. 

For  removing  oil  stains  on  marble  and  vegetable 
fibres,  use  a  solution  of  caustic  potash. 

If  flour  is  immediately  put  on  oil  spilled  where  not 
wanted,  in  a  few  hours,  if  sufficient  flour  has  been  used, 
there  will  be  no  trace  of  it  save  in  the  oil-soaked  flour, 
which  burns  well. 

MILDEW 

Here  is  a  valuable  remedy  for  mildew :  Make  a  stiff 
paste  of  Castile  soap,  by  boiling  down  shavings  of  the 
soap  in  a  little  water.  Spread  a  thick  layer  over  the 
spot  and  scatter  on  top  some  powdered  potash.  Moisten 
slightly  and  bleach  on  the  grass  or  snow. 

INK  STAINS 

Ink  stains  on  carpets  or  woolen  goods  can  be  re- 
moved while  they  are  fresh  by  taking  common  baking 
soda  or  saleratus,  rubbing  it  well  into  the  spots,  and  then 
rinsing  with  warm  water.  The  same  process  will  re- 

82 


move  dried  ink  spots  from  cotton  goods,  if  the  spot  has 
not  been  wet  with  water  before  the  saleratus  is  applied. 

Tear  blotting  paper  in  pieces  and  hold  the  rough 
edge  on  the  ink  when  it  is  freshly  spilled,  or  cover  the 
spot  with  Indian  meal;  or  the  liquid  ink  may  be  ab- 
sorbed by  cotton  batting.  If  the  ink  be  spilled  on  a 
carpet,  cut  a  lemon  in  two,  remove  a  part  of  the  rind  and 
rub  the  lemon  on  the  stain.  If  the  ink-stained  article 
be  washed  immediately  in  several  waters  and  then  in 
milk,  letting  it  soak  in  the  milk  for  several  hours,  the 
stain  will  disappear. 

Washing  the  article  immediately  in  vinegar  and 
water,  and  then  in  soap  and  water  is  another  remedy 
which  will  remove  all  ordinary  ink  stains.  No  matter 
what  substance  be  used  to  remove  ink  the  stain  must  be 
rubbed  well.  If  the  article  stained  be  a  carpet  on  the 
floor  use  a  brush. 

Salt  put  on  ink  when  freshly  spilled  on  a  carpet  will 
help  in  removing  the  spot. 

Ink  stains  may  be  removed  by  a  solution  of  oxalic 
acid. 

FRUIT  STAINS 

Whiskey  applied  to  fruit  stains  on  table  linen  will 
quickly  remove  the  spots. 

For  fruit  stains,  wet  the  article  and  hold  over  burn- 
ing sulphur. 


COFFEE  AND  MILK  SPOTS 

Glycerine  is  a  capital  remover  of  coffee  or  milk  spots 
from  white  goods.  Paint  the  stains  with  glycerine,  then 
wash  out  the  glycerine  with  lukewarm  rain  water. 

GREASE  STAINS 

Candle  grease  spots  are  best  removed  by  placing  blot- 
ting paper  next  the  goods  on  the  side  where  the  grease 
is,  and  holding  a  hot  iron  close  to  the  surface.  If  the 
fabric  is  ironed  the  grease  will  run  through  to  the  other 
side. 

Grease  spots  can  be  removed  with  gasoline. 

A  coating  of  pipe  clay  which  is  allowed  to  remain  all 
day  will  remove  grease  stains  from  leather. 

PAINT 

Equal  parts  of  ammonia  and  spirits  of  turpentine 
will  take  paint  out  of  clothing,  no  matter  how  dry  or 
how  hard  it  may  be. 

Kerosene  will  remove  fresh  paint. 

MEDICINE  STAINS 

To  remove  medicine  stains  from  silver  spoons  rub  the 
spoons  with  lemon  juice  and  salt. 

SOOT 

Salt  thrown  on  soot  which  has  fallen  on  the  carpet 
will  prevent  stain. 

STAINS  ON  CHINA 

Stains  on  chinaware  are  easily  removed  by  rubbing 
with  powdered  whiting. 

84 


Salt  and  vinegar  will  remove  stains  from  discolored 
teacups. 

STAINS  ON  MARBLE 

Spirits  of  turpentine  will  clean  and  polish  black 
marble.  For  removing  stains  from  white  marble  noth- 
ing is  better  than  a  paste  made  of  one-quarter  pound  of 
whiting,  one-eighth  pound  of  soda  and  one-eighth  pound 
of  laundry  soap  melted.  Boil  the  mixture  until  it  be- 
comes a  paste.  Before  it  is  quite  cold  spread  it  over  the 
marble  and  leave  it  for  twenty-four  hours.  Wash  it  off 
in  soft  water,  and  dry  the  marble  with  a  soft  cloth. 

Another  paste  that  does  not  need  cooking  usually 
answers  the  same  purpose.  It  is  made  of  one  pound  of 
soda  and  one-half  pound  each  of  finely  powdered  pumice 
stone  and  chalk,  mixed  into  a  paste  with  cold  water. 


CARE  OF  THE  WARDROBE 


CARE  OF  THE  WARDROBE 

FURS  AND  THEIR  CARE 

The  secret  of  the  life  everlasting  in  furs  is  to  keep 
them  as  free  as  possible  from  all  contact.  After  shak- 
ing and  wiping  them  dry,  if  they  have  been  out  in  the 
rain  or  fog,  hang  them  over  the  back  of  a  chair,  and 
when  dry  hang  up  where  nothing  can  touch  them.  If 
room  is  wanting  for  this,  place  on  a  shelf  with  tissue 
paper  under  and  over  them  and  between  each  fold. 
Furs  that  have  been  wet  should  never  be  hung  in  front 
of  a  stove  or  open  fire  to  dry. 

Fur,  after  some  years'  wear,  will  look  much  im- 
proved if  cleaned  with  white  bran  previously  heated  in 
the  oven.  Rub  the  hot  bran  well  into  the  fur  with  a 
piece  of  flannel,  shake  the  fur  to  remove  all  particles  and 
then  brush  thoroughly.  The  fur  will  clean  more  easily 
if  the  lining  and  padding  are  first  removed,  but  such  re- 
moval is  not  absolutely  needful.  The  flat  oily  look 
which  mars  the  appearance  of  the  neck  portion  of  furs 
long  in  use,  is  mostly,  if  not  wholly,  removed  by  the 
means  of  hot  bran.  Rub  the  fur  the  wrong  way. 

Furs  put  away  well  sprinkled  with  borax  and  done 
up  air  tight  will  never  be  troubled  with  moths. 

All  furs  and  winter  garments  should  be  thoroughly 

87 


brushed  and  beaten  and  put  away  as  soon  as  they  are 
laid  aside.  This  will  prevent  an  increase  of  work  later 
to  rid  them  of  moths  and  will  save  them  from  danger  of 
ruin  by  the  pests. 

THE  TREATMENT  OF  JEWELRY 

Pearls,  it  is  said,  should  be  enclosed  in  a  box  contain- 
ing a  piece  of  the  root  of  ash,  and  under  these  conditions 
they  never  lose  a  jot  of  their  pristine  beauty. 

Diamonds  are  easily  cleaned  by  placing  them  under  a 
tap  and  allowing  a  rush  of  cold  water  to  deluge  them. 
But  the  expedient  savors  somewhat  of  danger,  as  a  stone 
might  easily  be  loosened  in  the  operation.  A  better 
plan,  if  a  more  lengthy,  is  to  carefully  wash  them  with  a 
light  lather  of  soap  on  a  soft  brush,  to  wash  off  the  lather 
with  cold  water,  and  polish  with  chamois  leather  satu- 
rated with  eau  de  Cologne. 

Diamond  ornaments  tied  up  in  a  little  bag  of  bran 
preserve  their  brilliancy  in  a  wonderful  way. 

Other  precious  stones  can  be  well  cleaned  with  cold 
water  and  yellow  soap.  It  is  advisable  to  lay  them  in 
sawdust  rather  than  to  dry  them  in  the  ordinary  way. 
If  opals  have  become  scratched  or  spoilt  in  wear,  rub 
them  softly  in  a  moistened  wash  leather,  then  polish 
with  precipitated  chalk  with  another  piece  of  leather, 
and  finally  wash  with  rain  water  and  a  soft  brush. 

Gold  ornaments  should  first  be  placed  in  cold  soapy 
water,  and  having  been  left  to  soak  an  hour  or  two,  may 
be  rinsed  in  clear  water.  After  being  dried  in  a  hand- 


ful  of  bran,  they  should  be  rubbed  with  chamois  leather. 

Nor  must  silver  jewelry  be  entirely  forgotten.  Fila- 
gree can  be  restored  to  its  original  white  beauty  by 
being  thoroughly  cleansed  in  strong  potash  water ;  then 
rinse,  then  immerse  in  a  solution  as  follows:  Salt,  one 
part;  alum,  one  part;  saltpeter,  two  parts;  water,  four 
parts.  Put  your  filagree  into  the  mixture  and  bathe 
carefully  for  the  space  of  five  minutes.  Rinse  in  cold 
water,  and  dry  with  soft  wash  leather ;  or  simply  wash 
your  ornaments  in  hot  water,  and  rub  with  a  brush 
steeped  in  liquid  ammonia  and  soft  soap.  Rinse  again 
with  boiling  water  and  dry  in  sawdust.  "Wrap  in  tissue 
paper. 

Ivory  ornaments,  brushes,  powder  puff-boxes,  paper- 
knives,  etc.,  may  be  whitened  with  peroxide  of  hydro- 
gen, or  cleansed  with  a  brush  steeped  with  water  to 
which  a  good  pinch  of  carbonate  of  soda  has  been  added. 
Amber  beads  improve  by  being  rubbed  with  precipi- 
tated chalk  moistened  with  water,  or  with  olive  oil  on  a 
soft  flannel,  and  finally  polished  with  cambric.  The 
above  recipes  hail  from  Paris. 

LACES— OLD  AND   NEW 

Lace  is  used  in  such  profusion,  not  only  in  gowns,  but 
in  millinery  and  household  decorations,  that  the  process 
of  home  cleaning  has  become  a  matter  of  interest  to  most 
women.  With  plenty  of  care,  patience  and  time  (the 
first  essentials)  a  good  lace  that  has  become  soiled  may 
be  made  to  look  as  well  as  new. 


In  washing  fine  laces,  have  a  strip  of  flannel,  on  which 
to  baste  the  lace,  using  care  to  have  every  point  basted 
down  smoothly.  Make  a  strong  suds  with  white  soap 
and  water.  Dissolve  one  teaspoonful  of  borax  in  half  a 
pint  of  boiling  water  and  add  to  it  two  quarts  of  the 
suds.  When  this  liquid  is  tepid  lay  the  lace  in  it  and  let 
it  soak  for  ten  hours  or  more.  Then  sop  and  squeeze 
the  flannel,  but  do  the  work  carefully  and  gently ;  then 
squeeze  out  all  the  suds  and  drop  the  flannel  in  a  bowl 
of  hot  suds.  Work  gently  in  this  water.  Now  rinse  in 
fresh  water  until  the  water  looks  clear.  Finally  starch 
and  squeeze  as  dry  as  possible. 

Tack  the  flannel  on  a  clean  board,  drawing  it  very 
tight  in  all  directions.  See  that  every  part  of  the  lace 
lies  smooth  and  then  all  the  meshes  are  open.  When  dry, 
cut  the  basting  threads  and  draw  them  out  very  gently. 
The  lace  may  be  tinted  in  the  last  rinsing  water  if  the 
dead  white  is  not  liked.  If  the  lace  is  point,  or  any  of 
the  laces  with  raised  designs,  it  will  be  necessary  to  lift 
the  raised  work  with  a  small,  pointed  instrument. 

In  cleaning  common  laces,  make  the  suds  as  for  fine 
laces  and  let  the  lace  soak  in  this  ten  hours  or  more ; 
then  rub  gently  between  the  palms  of  the  hands.  Wash 
in  a  second  suds  in  the  same  manner,  then  rinse  until  the 
water  is  clear.  If  the  lace  is  to  be  tinted,  do  it  now; 
then  starch.  Have  a  flannel  tacked  tightly  on  a  board ; 
spread  the  lace  on  this  and  pin  to  the  flannel.  Be  sure 
that  the  lace  is  drawn  out  properly,  and  that  each  point 
is  fastened  to  the  flannel  with  a  pin.  Or,  the  wet  lace 

90 


may  be  drawn  out  perfectly  smooth,  covered  with  a 
piece  of  cheesecloth  and  ironed  with  a  moderately  hot 
iron  until  quite  dry. 

To  give  thread  lace  a  soft,  old  look,  pass  it  through 
water  that  has  been  slightly  ' l  blued  ' '  and  to  which  has 
been  added  a  little  black  ink— one  drop  of  ink  for  every 
half  pint  of  water.  For  an  ecru  tint  use  tea,  coffee  or 
saffron.  Make  the  tinting  fluid  fairly  strong  and  try  a 
corner  of  the  lace  in  it ;  if  too  strong  add  water.  Tea  is 
the  most  satisfactory  agent,  but  it  does  not  give  as  yel- 
low a  tint  as  coffee  or  saffron. 

To  clean  lace  with  absorbents,  mix  together  equal 
quantities  of  cream  of  tartar,  magnesia  and  powdered 
French  chalk.  Spread  the  lace  on  a  piece  of  cloth  and 
sprinkle  it  thickly  with  the  mixture  and  roll  up.  Let 
the  lace  lie  in  this  for  a  week  or  ten  days,  then  shake  off 
the  cleaning  mixture.  With  a  soft,  clean  cloth  wipe  the 
lace.  This  method  will  only  answer  for  laces  that  are 
not  much  soiled. 

To  dry-clean  laces,  put  the  laces  in  a  bowl  and  cover 
with  naphtha.  Let  them  soak  for  an  hour,  then  wash 
by  sopping  and  rubbing  between  the  palms  of  the  hands. 
Rinse  the  lace  in  a  second  bowl  of  naphtha,  then  pull  it 
into  shape.  The  texture  of  the  lace  is  not  changed  in 
the  least  by  this  method  of  cleaning.  If  the  lace  needs 
stiffening  dip  it  in  a  thin  solution  of  gum  arabic,  pin  it  to 
a  covered  board  and  let  it  dry.  There  must  be  neither 
fire  nor  light  in  the  room  when  the  lace  is  being  washed 
with  the  naphtha,  and  the  windows  must  be  open. 

91 


Ammonia  is  good  in  washing  lace  and  fine  muslin. 

Fine  old  lace  which  is  not  too  soiled  may  be  cleaned 
by  laying  it  on  a  paper  thickly  sprinkled  with  flour  and 
magnesia.  Cover  with  another  sprinkling  of  flour  and 
a  layer  of  paper.  Leave  a  few  days  and  then  shake  the 
flour  from  the  lace.  Do  not  fold  fine  lace;  lay  it  on 
strips  of  blue  tissue  paper  and  roll  the  lace  and  paper 
together. 

To  clean  duchesse,  point  or  any  real  lace,  wash  it 
carefully  in  tepid  water  with  a  fine  soap,  rinse  it  and  pin 
it  while  wet  on  a  board  covered  with  flannel.  Never 
touch  it  with  an  iron.  Very  small  pins,  and  plenty  of 
them,  should  be  employed,  and  great  care  should  be  used 
to  keep  the  pattern  true  and  even,  fastening  the  various 
parts  in  place  with  the  pins.  If  the  lace  becomes  dry 
before  it  is  pinned,  moisten  it  with  a  damp  sponge.  Let 
the  lace  dry  thoroughly  before  removing  it.  To  dry  a 
length  of  lace,  a  wooden  cylinder  is  best.  By  careful 
handling  and  keeping  the  damp  portion  in  a  wet  napkin 
while  the  rest  is  drying  around  the  wood,  it  may  be 
made  to  look  as  good  as  new. 

HOW  TO  FRESHEN  BLACK  LACE  WHEN  DISCOLORED 
BY  AGE 

Black  lace  or  net  that  has  been  discolored  by  age 
through  exposure  to  the  sun  may  be  very  much  fresh- 
ened up  by  the  following  process :  Spread  the  lace  out  on 
a  sheet  of  paper  and  brush  it  carefully  with  a  soft  brush, 
then  shake  it  to  free  it  from  as  much  dust  as  possible. 


If  it  is  spotted  or  stained  in  any  way,  rub  it  gently 
with  a  sponge  dipped  in  cold  tea,  and  then  allow  the  lace 
to  soak  for  at  least  half  an  hour  in  tea  prepared  in  the 
following  manner :  Put  into  a  small  lined  saucepan  one 
teaspoonful  of  gum  arabic,  one  dessert  spoonful  of  dry 
tea  and  a  pint  of  boiling  water. 

Simmer  these  slowly  over  the  fire,  stirring  occasion- 
ally until  the  gum  is  dissolved  and  then  strain  into  a 
basin. 

The  gum  arabic  in  the  tea  will  give  a  slight  stiffness 
to  the  lace.  If  the  lace  is  made  of  silk,  one  teaspoonful 
of  alcohol  may  be  added  to  the  other  ingredients,  which 
will  help  to  give  the  silk  a  gloss. 

After  the  lace  has  been  soaked  in  the  above  prepara- 
tion for  the  necessary  time,  squeeze  it  gently  between 
the  hands  and  then  in  the  folds  of  a  cloth,  or,  fold  it  care- 
fully in  a  cloth,  and  put  it  through  the  wringer. 

Pull  out  all  the  points  with  the  fingers,  roll  the  lace 
in  a  dry  cloth  and  let  it  remain  at  least  an  hour  before 
ironing.  When  about  to  iron  spread  a  sheet  of  kitchen 
paper,  smooth  side  uppermost,  on  a  piece  of  double  felt 
or  thick  ironing  blanket;  spread  the  lace  smoothly  on 
the  top  of  this  and  place  another  piece  of  paper,  with  the 
glossy  side  downward,  on  the  top. 

If  the  rough  side  of  the  paper  is  placed  next  the  lace 
it  will  peel  off  in  small  pieces.  Iron  the  lace  carefully 
on  the  top  of  the  paper  with  a  cool  iron,  and  when  partly 
finished  remove  the  paper,  pull  out  the  points  of  the  lace 
and  then  iron  again  with  the  paper  over. 


Never  touch  the  lace  with  the  bare  iron,  as  any  glaz- 
ing would  quite  spoil  its  appearance.  When  quite  dry 
hang  up  the  lace  to  air.  The  washing  and  dressing  of 
lace  is  certainly  a  work  which  requires  time  and  care ; 
it  cannot  be  hurried  over,  but  it  is  interesting  and  noth- 
ing better  repays  the  time  and  labor  bestowed  upon  it. 

To  clean  black  lace  churn  it  up  and  down  in  alcohol 
till  the  latter  foams ;  squeeze  well  and  clap  it  between 
the  hands;  pull  out  the  edges  carefully  and  press  in 
sheets  of  brown  paper  under  a  heavy  weight  till  dry. 
An  iron  must  not  be  used. 

It  is  claimed  that  with  white  flour  and  bran  sifted  to- 
gether lace  collars  can  be  easily  cleaned.  Rub  the  mix- 
ture into  the  soiled  parts  and  beat  out  with  a  stick. 

To  starch  lace  mix  one  teaspoonful  of  starch  with 
two  teaspoonfuls  of  cold  water  and  pour  on  this  one  pint 
of  boiling  water.  Place  on  the  fire  and  add  one-fourth 
of  a  teaspoonful  of  sugar  and  one-fourth  of  a  teaspoon- 
ful of  gum  arabic  which  has  been  soaked  in  one  table- 
spoonful  of  cold  water.  Boil  for  five  minutes,  stirring 
all  the  while.  Strain  through  cheesecloth.  For  laces  in 
which  only  a  suggestion  of  starch  is  desired  double  the 
quantity  of  water.  For  heavy  laces  that  are  required  to 
be  rather  stiff  use  only  half  the  quantity  of  water. 

Gum  arabic  starch  is  made  by  putting  one-fourth  of 
an  ounce  of  the  best  white  gum  arabic  in  a  cup  or  wide- 
mouthed  bottle,  with  one  gill  of  cold  water.  Let  it  soak 
for  two  or  three  hours;  then  place  in  a  basin  of  cold 
water  and  put  on  the  fire  to  dissolve.  Stir  frequently ; 

94 


strain  through  cheesecloth.  This  makes  a  very  stiff 
starch.  For  articles  that  need  to  be  only  slightly  stiff- 
ened a  quart  of  water  or  even  more  may  be  added  to  the 
dissolved  gum  arabic. 

TO  CLEAN  VELVET 

Velvet  is  now  so  much  used  that  it  is  convenient  to 
know  how  to  revive  and  cleanse  it.  Velvet  that  has 
been  spotted  by  stain  may  be  restored  by  passing  the 
wrong  side  quickly  over  a  vessel  of  boiling  water,  then 
over  a  warm  iron,  which  a  second  person  should  hold. 
Another  mode  is  to  use  a  very  hot  iron  covered  by  a 
cloth  wrung  out  of  hot  water.  The  velvet  back  may 
touch  the  iron  in  this  case,  the  process  being  literally  a 
combination  of  ironing  and  steaming.  For  large  pieces 
of  velvet  a  heated  brick  can  be  covered  and  used  in  the 
same  way.  Owing  to  the  greater  surface,  time  is  saved. 
The  pile  may  be  brushed  up  with  a  soft  brush  if  very 
badly  injured.  The  first  mode  is  recommended  only  for 
slightly  damaged  velvet.  The  dust  should  be  brushed 
or  shaken  out  before  resorting  to  any  action  of  heat, 
and  any  grease  spots  removed  by  benzine. 

GLOVES 

Try  mending  your  gloves  with  fine  cotton  instead  of 
silk.  It  will  soil  in  a  day  and  taking  the  color  of  the 
glove,  will  not  be  observed,  while  silk  you  remember, 
has  a  gloss  that  prevents  it  from  harmonizing  with  the 
tone  of  its  surroundings,  and  attention  is  constantly 
being  called  to  the  fact  that  your  gloves  are  mended. 


The  chamois  gloves  in  white  and  light  shades  may  be 
washed  in  the  following  manner:  Make  a  lather  with 
Castile  soap  and  warm  water,  using  a  spoonful  of  am- 
monia to  each  quart.  When  the  water  is  tepid  put  the 
gloves  into  it  and  let  them  soak  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour, 
then  press  them  with  the  hands,  but  do  not  wring  them. 
Rinse  in  fresh  cold  water  with  a  little  ammonia  added. 
Press  the  gloves  in  a  towel.  Dry  them  in  the  open  air 
after  previously  blowing  to  puff  them  out. 

Suede  gloves  can  be  cleaned  by  rubbing  them  over 
with  oatmeal. 

TO  WASH   SILK  STOCKINGS 

Bran  water,  made  by  adding  four  tablespoonfuls  of 
bran  to  a  quart  of  water,  is  the  best  thing  in  which  to 
wash  fine  silk  stockings.  Soap  is  thought  by  some 
housewives  to  make  the  silk  tender  and  rotten. 

TO  POLISH  STEEL  BUCKLES  AND  BUTTONS 
Cut  steel  buttons  and  buckles  may  be  polished  with 
powdered  pumice  stone  slightly  moistened  and  applied 
with  a  soft  brush  or  cloth. 

TO  RELIEVE  THE  PINCH  OF  A  SHOE 

Relief  may  be  quickly  had  from  the  pinching  of  a 
boot  or  shoe  by  expanding  the  leather  with  hot  water. 
Moisten  a  cloth  with  very  hot  water,  and  after  wring- 
ing, lay  it  over  the  offending  part  while  the  shoe  is  on 
the  foot.  Rarely  is  more  than  one  such  application  re- 
quired. 

96 


RESTORING  A  WATERPROOF 

The  following  process  is  said  to  restore  to  a  water- 
proof the  original  softness:  Dissolve  a  teaspoonful  of 
best  gray  lime  in  half  a  pailful  of  water,  wipe  the  cloak 
well  with  a  soft  cloth  wrung  loosely  out  of  this  mixture, 
hang  to  dry  and  repeat  the  operation  in  two  hours. 
WARDROBE  HINTS  WORTH  KNOWING 

If  you  want  your  silk  skirts  to  retain  their  freshness 
sew  loops  under  the  flounces,  and  hang  them  upside 
down  when  not  in  use.  Hanging  in  this  way,  in  the 
opposite  direction  to  that  in  which  they  are  worn,  fresh- 
ens and  makes  them  stand  out  and  take  a  new  lease  of 
life. 

Loops  for  hanging  up  garments  are  always  wearing 
out  and  breaking,  particularly  with  children's  cloaks 
and  coats.  To  make  a  serviceable  loop  cut  a  strip  of  kid 
from  an  old  glove,  roll  in  it  a  piece  of  coarse  string  and 
sew  the  edges  of  kid  neatly  together.  This  loop  fas- 
tened securely  to  a  garment,  will  stand  any  amount  of 
pulling  without  wearing  or  breaking. 

"By  hanging  a  creased  cloth  jacket  or  skirt  on  a  line 
over  the  bathtub,  closing  the  windows  and  doors  and 
turning  on  the  hot  water  till  the  room  is  full  of  steam,  I 
find  I  can  remove  the  wrinkles  from  the  garments,"  a 
clever  housekeeper  writes  to  one  of  the  magazines. 
1 '  The  clothes  must  be  left  for  two  hours  hanging  in  the 
vapor,  and  then  placed  in  the  fresh  air  to  dry.  The  pro- 
cess is  simple  and  practicable  for  any  one,  and  better  in 
many  cases  than  pressing. ' ' 

97 


Do  not  forget  that  cupboards  and  wardrobes  where 
clothes  are  kept  need  frequent  airing.  On  a  sunny  day 
open  the  doors  and  leave  them  open  for  several  hours. 
Never  put  away  a  dress  bodice  without  first  airing  it. 
Attention  to  little  details  like  this,  which  keep  one's 
clothes  fresh  and  sweet,  is  well  worth  while. 

Mud  stains  on  black  cloth  may  be  removed  by  rub- 
bing with  a  slice  of  raw  potato. 

Velvet  that  is  soiled  may  be  thoroughly  washed  with 
good  soap,  quickly  rinsed  and  dried,  and  when  nearly 
dry  pressed  under  a  muslin  cloth.  If  the  pressing  is 
done  evenly  and  carefully,  a  beautiful  piece  of  panne 
velvet  is  the  result. 

Goods  that  have  become  faded  and  discolored  are 
often  restored  by  being  packed  away  in  a  dark  closet  or 
chest,  into  which  no  ray  of  light  can  penetrate.  Two  or 
three  layers  of  tissue  paper  aid  in  the  process. 

Magnesia  makes  a  capital  cleanser  for  delicate,  light 
colored  fabrics  that  have  become  spotted  or  stained. 
Rub  the  spots  on  both  sides  with  magnesia,  then  put  the 
article  away,  just  as  it  is.  When  needed,  brush  off  the 
magnesia,  and  the  dirt  will  be  found  to  have  disap- 
peared. 

To  clean  gold  and  silver  embroidery  or  braidings, 
sew  them  up  in  a  white  linen  sack  and  boil  them  in  a 
quart  of  water,  to  which  you  add  50  grams  of  white  soap 
and  4  grams  of  bicarbonate  of  soda. 

The  best  preparation  for  cleaning  silk  consists  of 
grated  potato  and  cold  water.  Add  one  large  potato, 


grated,  to  one  quart  of  water  and  allow  it  to  stand  a  day 
or  two  before  using.  Use  only  the  clear  part  of  the 
water.  Merely  dip  the  soiled  silk  into  it  and  hang  it  up 
to  dry. 

Borax  water  is  excellent  for  sponging  either  silk  or 
wool  goods  that  are  not  soiled  enough  to  need  washing. 

In  buying  crape,  it  is  well  to  ask  for  the  waterproof 
and  thus  avoid  anxiety  when  in  the  rain,  as  the  ordinary 
material  will  spot  and  lose  its  crispness  when  wet.  When 
this  does  happen,  or  if  the  crape  has  worn  rusty  looking 
and  shabby,  it  may  be  steamed  and  thus  renew  its  glossy, 
crisp  texture  and  appearance.  This  process  has  been 
tried  and  gives  the  most  satisfactory  results,  and  it  may 
be  repeated  as  often  as  necessary.  Rip  the  hems  out  of 
the  veil  or  the  trimming  to  be  renovated,  and  each  piece 
must  be  flat ;  brush  the  dust  off  with  an  old  piece  of  silk 
and  pull  out  all  the  threads.  Then  have  a  clean  broom- 
handle  and  around  this  wrap  each  piece  of  crape,  keep- 
ing it  smooth  until  all  are  on  the  handle  and  fastened 
with  small  pins ;  do  not  pull  it  very  tightly.  Keep  a 
wash  boiler  half  full  of  boiling  water  and  rest  the  handle 
across  the  edges  of  the  boiler  so  that  it  may  be  turned 
several  times  during  the  five  hours  that  the  crape  is 
steaming.  Then  stand  the  handle  up  until  the  crape  is 
perfectly  dry.  This  usually  requires  ten  hours.  When 
unpinned  it  will  be  as  glossy  and  crisp  as  when  new,  and 
a  pleasure  to  the  economical  woman. 

Ammonia  bleaches  yellowed  flannels. 


99 


CARE  OF  THE  PERSON 


CARE  OF  THE  PERSON 

ALWAYS  BE  PRESENTABLE 

Do  not  say  that  it  does  not  matter  how  you  look 
around  the  house,  for  it  does  matter  a  great  deal.  It 
matters  for  the  general  credit  of  the  establishment;  it 
matters  in  its  example  to  the  children ;  it  matters  to  the 
husband  and  father.  It  is  one  of  the  important  duties  of 
every  woman  to  keep  herself,  and  her  house,  in  a  condi- 
tion as  presentable  as  possible,  considering  her  circum- 
stances. 

A  GOOD  COMPLEXION 

Here  are  certain  plain,  simple  hints  for  the  securing 
or  maintenance  of  a  good  complexion,  which  can  be  car- 
ried in  mind  and  practiced  by  the  woman  who  can  af- 
ford neither  the  fees  of  beauty  doctors  nor  several  hours 
a  day  for  grooming.  Wash  the  face  carefully,  never 
with  very  cold  water.  At  night  it  should  have  a  warm 
soap  bath  to  clean  it,  rinsing  the  soap  off  thoroughly, 
and  drying  it  thoroughly,  with  an  upward  movement. 
Learn  always  to  rub  up  and  never  down,  to  counteract 
drooping  lines  and  sagging  muscles.  Take  at  least  one 
bath  a  day,  rubbing  the  body  vigorously.  Remember 
that  hot  water  is  necessary  to  cleanse,  and  cold  water  to 
invigorate,  and  set  the  blood  to  circulating.  Rose  water 

101 


and  elder  flower  water  are  beneficial  in  softening  the 
skin.  Lemon  whitens  the  hands.  Any  good  cold  cream 
sold  by  a  reputable  house  is  excellent  for  the  face.  It 
should  be  rubbed  in,  not  hard,  but  thoroughly,  after  a 
warm  bath.  A  little  on  the  tips  of  the  fingers  is  suffi- 
cient. It  softens  and  freshens  the  skin.  Remember  that 
all  rich  foods  are  enemies  of  a  delicate  skin.  The  rose 
leaf  skin  of  the  baby  comes  from  its  simple  diet.  Avoid 
pastry,  pickles  and  pie.  Candy  is  as  bad  as  anything 
can  be,  and  makes  one  fat  besides.  Tea  and  coffee  are 
bad,  but  cocktails  are  worse.  Study  the  nose  of  the  man 
who  has  imbibed  for  many  years  and  see.  Eat  fruit  and 
simple  food,  and  drink  plenty  of  water  at  any  time  ex- 
cept meal  time,  especially  on  getting  up  in  the  morning, 
when  it  rinses  the  system  of  the  mucus  that  has  accu- 
mulated on  the  coating  of  the  stomach  and  other  organs 
during  the  night.  A  good  complexion  comes  from  the 
same  sources  as  health— fresh  air,  exercise,  correct  food, 
bathing,  sufficient  sleep  and  proper  activity  of  the  in- 
ternal organs. 

A  prominent  beauty  expert  recommends  to  women 
whose  skin  is  fine  in  texture  and  easily  roughened  and 
irritated,  the  use  of  the  following  wash  in  place  of  soap 
and  water  on  the  face :  Tincture  of  myrrh,  5  grams ;  rose 
water,  500  grams ;  tincture  of  benzoin,  5  grams ;  tincture 
of  quailaia,  sufficient  for  emulsion.  This,  he  says,  should 
be  applied  to  the  face  with  a  piece  of  fine  linen.  The 
face  should  be  dried  with  a  circular,  upward  movement, 
with  a  piece  of  fine,  dry  linen. 

102 


A  beauty  expert  who  actually  recommends  the  use  of 
powder  on  the  face,  is  something  of  a  rarity,  but  a  prom- 
inent complexion  specialist,  writing  in  ' l  The  Woman 's 
Home  Companion, ' '  has  placed  himself  on  record  as  ad- 
vising women  to  powder  even  at  home.  Powder  is  es- 
sential to  American  women,  he  thinks,  on  account  of  the 
perpetual  changes  of  climate  and  the  dust  and  dirt  in 
the  atmosphere.  Powder  should  always  protect  the  skin 
outdoors.  To  apply  properly,  first  soften  the  skin  by  an 
application  of  cold  cream.  Wipe  off  any  that  remains 
on  the  surface,  then  apply  the  powder  with  a  piece  of 
absorbent  cotton. 

Onions,  eaten  raw,  with  bread  and  butter,  make  a 
capital  complexion  clearer  and  night  cap,  especially  for 
the  nervous  person,  who  is  generally  inclined  to  lie  awake 
o '  nights  and  to  wake  up  at  dishearteningly  early  hours 
of  the  morning.  Slice  the  onions  thin  and  sprinkle 
lightly  with  salt,  to  take  off  the  raw,  crude  taste,  and 
have  the  bread  thin  and  a  good  deal  of  butter.  Talking 
of  nervousness,  there  is  no  better  nerve  food  than  good 
butter.  Cod  liver  oil,  which  a  few  years  ago  was  so  ex- 
tensively prescribed  for  persons  with  weak  chests  or  of 
a  nervous  tendency,  has  been  largely  supplanted  by  the 
more  palatable  and  more  easily  digested  butter  of  com- 
mon use. 

WASH  FOR  TENDER  FEET 

A  bottle  two-thirds  full  of  water.  Add  one-third  of 
household  ammonia. 

103 


CARE  OF  THE  HANDS 

It  is  not  given  to  every  woman  to  possess  beautiful 
hands,  but  it  is  within  the  province  of  almost  every  one 
to  have  well-kept  ones.  And,  after  all,  what  do  beauti- 
ful hands  avail,  if  they  are  not  well  kept  ? 

Tepid  water  should  be  used  to  cleanse  the  hands  and 
a  good  Castile  soap ;  a  nail  brush  will  clean  the  nails  and 
gritty  fingers  better  than  any  file  or  implement  of  steel. 

Rinse  the  hands  in  cool  water  and  dry  them  thor- 
oughly on  a  soft  towel.  If  there  is  an  inclination  to 
chapping,  keep  a  mixture  of  glycerine  and  rose  water  on 
the  washstand,  and  rub  a  little  into  the  hands  while  they 
are  still  wet. 

People  with  whose  skins  glycerine  does  not  agree 
generally  find  it  will  work  all  right  if  used  when  the 
hands  are  wet;  they  may  be  wiped  afterward,  for  the 
mixture  of  water  with  glycerine  does  away  with  the 
stickiness. 

An  orange  wood  stick,  which  costs  5  cents,  should  be 
used  to  keep  the  flesh  pushed  away  from  the  base  of  the 
nails.  Little  packages  of  emeries  cost  10  cents  each, 
and  these  may  be  used  to  file  the  nails  into  shape. 

Before  retiring,  cleanse  the  hands  thoroughly,  rub 
them  with  cocoa  butter,  and  then  dust  them  with  almond 
meal.  If  the  hands  are  not  in  good  condition,  loose 
gloves  may  be  worn  in  bed,  perforated  at  the  palms. 
White  cotton  gloves  may  be  used  for  this  purpose  and 
these  washed  when  necessary. 

To  whiten  the  hands  melt  a  pound  of  white  Castile 

104 


soap  over  the  firo  with  a  little  water.  When  melted, 
perfume  slightly  with  any  one  of  the  extracts,  and  stir 
in  half  a  cupful  of  common  oatmeal.  Use  this  prepara- 
tion when  washing  your  hands  and  you  will  be  surprised 
at  the  improvement  in  their  appearance. 

For  chapped  hands,  heat  one  ounce  of  cocoa  butter 
and  one  ounce  of  sweet  almond  oil  in  a  double  boiler. 
Stir  till  thoroughly  blended,  then  add  one  drachm  each 
of  oxide  of  zinc  and  of  borax,  drop  by  drop.  When  cool 
add  a  few  drops  of  perfume.  Rub  some  of  this  cream 
into  the  hands,  then  pull  on  some  loose  kid  gloves.  If 
the  finger  tips  are  cut  off  and  a  circle  cut  out  of  the  palm, 
the  results  will  be  happier,  as  covering  the  hands  tightly 
tends  to  make  them  yellow  and  ugly. 

TO  HAVE  HEALTHY  HAIR 

To  make  the  hair  glossy  and  induce  a  thicker  growth 
brush  it  vigorously  each  day  for  ten  minutes. 

The  following  old-fashioned  recipe  will  drive  away 
dandruff :  first  boil  in  a  stone  jar,  placed  in  a  pan  of  hot 
water,  half  a  pint  of  rose  water  and  one-fourth  ounce  of 
sassafras  wood.  Let  this  stand  till  cold,  then  add  a 
small  wineglass  of  alcohol  and  one  drachm  of  pearlash. 
Apply  to  the  scalp  once  daily. 

That  toilet  soaps  are  not  good  as  a  shampoo  for  the 
hair  is  the  verdict  of  a  hair  specialist.  "  Don't  you 
know,"  he  says,  "  that  soap  was  first  used  as  a  hair 
bleach?  Soap— any  kind  and  the  best  kind— possesses 
bleaching  qualities  still,  along  with  its  cleansing  prop- 

105 


erties,  and  unless  you  want  your  locks  to  fade  and  lose 
their  lustre,  bleach,  in  other  words,  you  will  eschew  toi- 
let soaps  in  this  capacity.  Of  course,  tar  soaps  and  the 
other  soaps  that  are  prepared  especially  for  shampoo 
purposes  are  quite  a  different  matter. ' ' 

A  shampoo  for  oily  hair  is  made  by  powdering  very 
fine  one-fourth  of  an  ounce  of  camphor  and  one-half  of 
an  ounce  of  borax,  and  dissolving  them  in  one  pint  of 
boiling  water. 

A  treatment  which  is  recommended  for  falling  hair 
begins  with  washing  the  hair  once  a  week  in  salt  water. 
After  every  bath  the  scalp  must  be  dried  with  a  coarse 
towel.  Then  rub  into  the  scalp  equal  parts  of  olive  oil 
and  bay  rum,  to  which  a  few  drops  of  tincture  of  can- 
tharides  have  been  added. 

A  formula  for  stopping  one 's  hair  from  falling,  that 
can  be  made  at  home,  by  simply  buying  the  ingredients 
and  then  blending  them,  is  made  by  taking  an  ounce  of 
Jamaica  bay  rum,  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  cocoanut  oil, 
two  and  one-quarter  drachms  of  tincture  of  nux  vomica 
and  twenty  drops  of  oil  of  bergamot.  Use  this  to  mas- 
sage the  scalps  with,  in  a  rotary  motion,  with  the  tips  of 
the  fingers. 

A  tonic  for  the  hair  is  made  by  dissolving  one-half 
ounce  of  gum  camphor  and  an  ounce  of  borax  in  a  quart 
of  boiling  water. 

Another  recipe  prescribes  forty-eight  grains  of  re- 
sorcin,  one-quarter  ounce  of  glycerine,  and  alcohol  to  fill 
a  two-ounce  bottle.  If  the  hair  is  oily,  use  forty  grains 

106 


of  resorcin,  half  an  ounce  of  water,  one  ounce  each  of 
alcohol  and  witch  hazel.  Apply  to  the  scalp  every  night 
with  a  small  sponge  and  gently  massage. 

PROPER   EXERCISE 

It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  a  proper  amount 
of  exercise  should  be  taken  somewhere.  It  is  a  good 
plan  to  institute  a  system  of  bedtime  gymnastics,  to  rest 
the  mind  as  well  as  the  body  and  restore  normal  circula- 
tion before  going  to  sleep.  At  least  ten  minutes  should 
be  given  to  the  movements,  and  twenty  or  thirty  would 
be  better  in  most  cases.  If  the  movements  are  gone 
through  at  an  earlier  hour  it  is  imperative  that  loose 
clothing  be  worn,  that  the  breathing  may  be  perfectly 
free.  Each  position  should  be  held  from  three  to  five 
pulse  beats,  and  a  few  minutes  should  be  allowed  to  pass 
between  the  different  sets  of  exercises. 

The  first  thing  to  be  considered  is  attitude  during 
exercise.  The  chest  should  be  raised  and  the  hips  drawn 
back,  the  head  erect,  chin  in,  feet  at  an  angle  of  ninety 
degrees.  If  wearied  by  standing,  walking  or  other  act- 
ive exercise,  many  of  the  movements  may  be  made  while 
in  a  recumbent  position.  All  exercises  should  be  taken 
slowly,  rigidity  of  muscles  is  to  be  avoided  and  a  regular 
and  progressive  order  must  be  observed  if  one  is  to  ben- 
efit properly  by  them.  It  must  be  noted  that  in  cases  of 
heart  trouble  or  internal  weaknesses  a  physician  should 
be  consulted  before  entering  upon  any  course  of  gym- 
nastics. 

107 


An  effective  set  of  exercises  is  given  by  an  eminent 
* '  physical  culturist  ' '  as  follows : 

Stand  with  the  arms  bent  upward,  elbows  at  waist, 
finger  tips  resting  on  shoulders.  Inhale,  raising  the 
arms  until  elbows  are  level  with  the  shoulders.  Lower 
to  first  position  while  exhaling.  Repeat  ten  times,  tak- 
ing care  that  the  elbows  are  not  brought  to  the  front. 
Inhale  through  the  nose,  exhale  through  the  mouth. 

Stand  with  hands  on  hips,  the  thumbs  backward,  and 
arms  in  line  with  the  body.  Rise  slowly  on  the  toes, 
with  feet  at  an  angle  of  ninety  degrees.  Hold  position 
in  perfect  balance,  while  counting  five.  Slowly  sink  to 
first  position.  Repeat  ten  times. 

Standing  erect,  turn  the  head  to  left  as  far  as  pos- 
sible, slowly  and  easily.  Face  front  and  turn  to  right, 
keeping  the  head  level.  Repeat  ten  times. 

Stand  with  arms  stiffly  extended,  palms  touching  the 
body.  Turn  them  until  palms  are  outward,  keeping  ex- 
tensor muscles  firm.  Relax  slowly  to  first  position.  Re- 
peat eight  times. 

Stoop  to  a  sitting  posture,  with  knees  apart  at  an 
angle  of  ninety  degrees,  keeping  hips  firm.  Bend  for- 
ward from  waist,  holding  spine  and  neck  rigid.  Repeat 
eight  times. 

Lying  on  the  back,  with  the  neck  firm,  extend  the 
foot  in  line  with  the  leg,  and  keeping  the  knee  tense,  lift 
the  leg  a  short  distance  from  the  floor.  Avoid  any  strain 
in  lifting,  and  raise  only  one  leg  at  a  time.  Repeat  with 
each  five  times. 

106 


Repeat  the  first  movement  ten  times  to  end  the  exer- 
cise. 

Beginners  in  the  art  of  deep  breathing  are  advised 
not  to  practice  with  their  arms  extended,  but  to  try  it 
lying  absolutely  on  the  floor.  Any  position  will  do  in 
which  the  chest  is  extended,  the  shoulders  kept  flat  and 
the  head  allowed  to  be  free.  A  position  must  be  taken 
up  before  an  open  window,  however,  no  matter  what  the 
weather  may  be,  as  any  kind  of  air  that  is  fresh  is  better 
than  the  vitiated  atmosphere  of  a  shut  up  room.  That 
deep  breathing — exercising,  as  it  does,  muscles  which 
have  for  years  lain  dormant— is  a  terribly  exhausting 
thing  at  first,  is  not  dwelt  upon  sufficiently  with  begin- 
ners, nor  that  it  will  probably  take  months  of  daily  prac- 
tice before  the  knack  will  be  acquired.  One  athlete 
who  has  written  a  book  on  physical  culture  confesses 
that  it  took  him  a  year  to  master  diaphragmic  breathing 
so  that  he  did  it  automatically.  But  deep  breathing 
pays  for  itself  as  one  goes  along.  Long  before  the  be- 
ginner is  perfect  her  chest  has  begun  to  grow  and  her 
neck  hollows  to  fill  up. 

Large  hips  can  be  reduced  by  correct  exercise.  Take 
the  soldier's  position,  heels  together,  chest  up,  chin  up, 
hips  back.  Raise  the  hands  above  the  head  with  the 
palms  out  and  fingers  extended,  bringing  hands  down  to 
the  floor  without  bending  the  knees.  Do  this  very 
quickly  fifteen  or  twenty  times.  Rest  for  half  a  minute 
and  repeat.  Your  hip  measure  will  grow  comfortably 

109 


less  within  a  fortnight's  time.     Have  the  clothing  loose 
and  see  that  the  room  is  properly  ventilated. 

TWO  GOOD  DENTIFRICES 

An  excellent  liquid  dentifrice  can  be  made  by  put- 
ting into  a  quart  of  hot  water  one  teaspoonful  each  of 
spirits  of  camphor  and  tincture  of  myrrh  and  two  ounces 
of  borax.  Add  the  borax  first.  When  the  water  is 
nearly  cold  add  the  other  ingredients.  Use  a  wineglass- 
ful  night  and  morning  in  a  mug  of  lukewarm  water  to 
brush  the  teeth. 

Camphorated  chalk  is  one  of  the  simple  dentifrices 
that  never  go  out.  One  can  prepare  it  at  home  just  as 
well  as  to  pay  a  druggist  to  do  it.  All  that  is  necessary 
is  an  ounce  of  powdered  camphor  and  fifteen  ounces  of 
prepared  chalk.  If  it  is  desired  to  have  the  dentifrice 
foam,  add  a  little  powdered  Castile  soap.  Mix  thor- 
oughly by  sifting  through  coarse  cambric  a  number  of 
times. 

TO  CULTIVATE  A  LOW  VOICE 

"  If  the  rising  generation  of  American  girls  is  not 
taught  to  use  the  speaking  voice  properly,  we  shall  de- 
velop into  a  race  of  unconscious,  unintentional  shrews. 
If  some  rich  woman  wished  to  bring  upon  her  head  the 
blessings  of  posterity,  she  would  endow  a  chair  of  voice 
development  which  would  not  necessarily  include  sing- 
ing lessons, ' '  so  said  Miss  Helen  Lord,  one  of  the  prima 
donnas  in  ' '  The  Runaways, ' '  as  she  sat  at  a  table  in  the 
centre  of  a  smart  restaurant. 

110 


11  Listen  to  the  penetrating  feminine  voices  all  around 
us,  shrilling,  almost  shrieking  in  head  tones.  And  I  am 
sure  that  not  one  of  those  women  realize  that  her  re- 
marks are  being  heard  all  over  the  room.  If  she  did, 
she  would  talk  less  personal  matters.  Ride  on  the  ele- 
vated trains  or  on  open  surface  cars,  and  your  head  will 
ache  more  from  the  piercing  voices  of  the  women  around 
you  than  from  the  combined  din  of  train  and  street. 
Have  you  ever  had  a  telephone  ring  in  your  ear  because 
the  woman  at  the  other  end  of  the  wire  was  using  head 
tones  in  talking?  It  is  frightful." 

"  The  true  root  of  the  evil  is  that  the  American 
woman  either  can  not  or  will  not  use  her  speaking  voice 
properly.  Hundreds  of  dollars  to  cultivate  a  singing 
voice,  but  not  one  cent  nor  a  jot  of  her  time  to  improve 
her  speaking  voice!  Massage  and  lessons  in  physical 
culture  to  develop  a  plump  throat,  but  not  five  minutes  a 
day  to  enlarge  her  chest.  And  yet  a  gentle  voice  is 
woman 's  most  effective  weapon. ' ' 

"  If  a  woman  will  stand  squarely  before  her  glass, 
with  her  shoulders  back,  her  head  high,  while  she  slowly 
inflates  and  empties  her  lungs,  she  will  secure  excellent 
chest  development.  Then  let  her  give  the  sound  of 
double  O  (oo)  as  the  lungs  are  emptied,  but  in  rich,  low 
tones,  which  she  feels  come  straight  from  the  chest,  or, 
as  one  woman  expressed  to  me,  from  the  pit  of  the  stom- 
ach, and  she  will  have  taken  the  first  step  in  developing 
a  pleasing  speaking  voice." 

1 '  Next  let  her  take  the  same  position  and  count  up  to 

111 


ten  as  slowly  as  possible  while  emitting  one  long  breath, 
steadily  increasing  her  chest  expansion.  Then  let  her 
practice  her  new  speaking  tone  on  her  family,  seeing 
how  deep  she  can  place  her  voice  and  yet  be  heard  dis- 
tinctly by  members  of  the  home  circle.  When  on  trains 
or  walking  on  the  street  let  her  aim  to  strike  a  voice  tone 
below  the  din,  and  not  above  it,  so  low,  in  fact,  that  it 
rings  like  a  second  or  alto  part  in  singing.  She  can  then 
be  heard  as  distinctly  as  if  she  tried  to  shout  above  the 
roar  of  street  traffic,  and  her  voice  will  lose  that  pene- 
trating, shrill  quality  which  is  the  hall-mark  of  the  ill- 
bred  woman." 

AN  EXCELLENT  "NIGHT-CAP" 

' '  Did  you  ever  try  tomato  bouillon  as  a  *  night-cap  ' 
or  '  pick-me-up  '  when  you  're  tired  to  death  and  couldn  't 
look  at  a  beefsteak  or  chocolate  eclair  ?  ' '  asked  a  nerv- 
ous, brisk  little  woman  the  other  day.  "  Well,  try  it, 
then.  I  heard  my  sister-in-law  rave  over  it,  so  out  of 
curiosity,  I  had  my  cook  make  some  tomato  puree  and 
flavor  it  with  extract  of  beef  and  the  proper  seasoning. 
Now  I  can  only  say  that  I  am  addicted  to  it.  If  I  have 
to  sit  up  late  to  put  Alice  to  bed  after  a  party,  I  take  to- 
mato bouillon.  If  I  have  to  get  up  at  an  unearthly  hour 
to  take  an  early  train  or  see  John  off,  I  take  tomato 
bouillon.  If  I  come  home  worn  out  from  a  shopping 
bout,  I  drink  a  cup  of  my  stand-by,  and  in  a  few  minutes 
that  indescribable  sensation  of  tension  that  every  woman 
with  nerves  knows  only  too  well,  vanishes.  Just  try  it, 
my  dear,  and  see  if  it  isn  't  so. ' ' 

112 


FOR  A  HARD  CORN 

Try  a  glycerine  poultice.  To  make  this,  steep  a  piece 
of  lint  in  the  glycerine,  and  then  lay  it  on  the  corn  with 
a  piece  of  oiled  silk  over,  keeping  it  in  place  with  a  nar- 
row bandage.  Put  this  on  every  night,  and  by  day  wear 
a  shoe  that  does  not  press  on  the  corn  at  all.  A  boracic 
poultice  made  and  applied  in  the  same  way— substitut- 
ing a  solution  of  boracic  acid  for  the  glycerine— is  ex- 
cellent for  an  inflamed  toe  joint. 

A  REMEDY  FOR  MOTH  PATCHES 
Iodide  of  potassium,  2  drachms ;  glycerine,  1  ounce ; 
rainwater,  1  pint ;  rum,  1  pint ;  flour  of  sulphur,  1  table- 
spoonful. 

WASH  FOR  SUNBURN 

A  wash  for  sunburn  is:  rose  water,  one-half  pint; 
simple  tincture  of  benzoin,  one  ounce;  borax,  one  tea- 
spoonful.  Dissolve  the  borax  in  the  rose  water  and  add 
the  benzoin,  shaking  well.  It  should  be  milky. 

REGARDING  SOAP 

That  toilet  soaps  may  be  bought  in  quantity  as  ad- 
vantageously as  laundry  soaps  is  the  opinion  of  a  soap 
manufacturer.  Fine  toilet  soaps,  he  says,  need  drying 
and  ripening,  just  as  much  as  the  coarser  varieties  of  the 
laundry. 

Plainly  colored  toilet  soaps  are  apt  to  be  purest. 


113 


A  HOUSEHOLD  MEDICINE  CHEST 
AND  ITS  USES 


HOUSEHOLD  MEDICINE  CHEST 


1  PINT  BOTTLES  OF  EACH 

Listerine 

Witch  Hazel 

Alcohol 

Ammonia 

Aqua 


4  OUNCE  BOTTLES 

Castor  Oil 

Aromatic  Spts.  Ammonia 
Spirits  of  Camphor 
Paregoric 
Syrup  of  Ipecac 
Essence  of  Peppermint 
Sweet  Spirits  of  Nitre 
Jamaica  Ginger 
Arnica 
Sweet  Oil 
Camphorated  Oil 
Aromatic  Cascara 
Viburnum  Compound 


i/2  PINT  BOTTLES  OF  EACH 

Glycerine 

Whiskey 

Tincture  of  Green  Soap 

Turpentine 

Soap  Liniment 

Lysol 

TABLETS 

Migraine,  No.  6 
Soda  Mint 
Quinine,  2  gr. 
Chlorate  of  Potash 
Calomel,  ^  ST> 
Bi-chloride  (poison) 
Lime  Water 
Seiler's 

POWDERS 

Bismuth  Subnit. 
Soda  Bicarb. 
Boracic  Acid 


115 


2  OUNCE  BOTTLES  OINTMENTS 

Oil  of  Cloves  Zinc  Oxide 

Tincture  of  Iodine  Ichthyol  (20%) 

Flex.  Collodion  Vaseline 

JARS  Cold  Cream 

Flaxseed  Box  Mustard  Leaves 

Antiphlogistine 

MATERIALS 

Absorbent  Cotton,  Medicine  Dropper,  Medicine  Meas- 
ure, Cork-screw,  Gauze,  2  small  Granite  Basins,  Ap- 
plicator, Nail-brush. 

(Have  the  druggist  label  each  bottle  and  package 
clearly.  Have  poison  labels  put  on  all  poisonous  drugs. 
Never  use  a  bottle  or  package  without  carefully  seeing 
that  it  has  the  correct  label  of  what  you  want. 

Note.— The  wrong  drug  is  often  used  by  carelessly 
judging  of  the  contents  by  the  size,  shape  or  color  of  the 
package,  or  because  it  stood  in  the  wrong  place.  Al- 
ways read  the  label.) 

USE  OF  THE  MEDICINE  CHEST 

Lysterine:  For  a  mild  antiseptic.     To  clean 

cuts,  etc.  For  mouth  wash  and  sore 
throat,  dilute  with  three  quarts  of 
water.     For  inflamed  eyes,  use  15 
drops  to  four  ounces  of  water. 
Witch  Hazel :  Apply  for  sprains,  mosquito  bites, 

stomach  rash,  summer  heat. 
Brandy- Alcohol- Whiskey :     (Stimulants) 

116 


Lime  Water : 
Glycerine : 


Tinct.  of  Green 
Soap: 

Aromat.  Spts. 
Ammonia : 

Spts.  of  Camphor 


Turpentine : 


Ammonia : 
Soap  Liniment : 


For  continuous  sour  stomach.  Add 
one-half  ounce  to  pint  of  liquid. 
For  constipation,  inject  one  table- 
spoonful  mixed  with  one  gill  of 
water.  For  sore  throat  and  irri- 
tating cough,  mix  one  teaspoonful 
with  one-half  glass  of  sweetened 
water. 

In  hot  water  to  clean  sores  and  for 
scrubbing  the  skin. 

Take  15  to  30  drops  in  half  a  glass 

of  hot  water,  for  fainting,  vomit- 
ing and  nervousness. 

For  cold  in  head,  take  5  drops  on  a 
lump  of  sugar.  Use  in  place  of 
smelling  salts.  Good  to  ward  off 
mosquitoes. 

For  cramps  in  the  stomach,  apply 
stupes  made  by  wringing  out  flan- 
nel in  hot  water  and  sprinkling 
the  surface  with  turpentine.  Turn 
cloth  as  soon  as  skin  is  red. 

For  fainting,  carefully  inhale.  Ap- 
ply to  mosquito  bites,  etc. 

Apply  to  bruises  and  over  hard 
swellings,  rheumatic  pains  and 
sprains. 

117 


Camphorated  Oil : 
Ichthyol  Ointment 

Zinc  Oxide  Oint. : 
Quinine : 

Migraine  Tablets : 


Cascara : 
Viburnum  Comp. 
Soda  Bicarb. : 


Soda  Mint  Tablets 


Chlorate  of  Potash 


For  pain  in  chest  or  headache  with 
a  cold,  apply  with  rubbing  and 
cover  with  cloth. 

Use  for  any  inflammatory  swell- 
ing. It  will  take  out  inflamma- 
tion in  such  swellings  as  those  of 
the  glands  of  the  neck,  etc. 
For  abrasions,  chafing,  cold  sores 
and  rashes. 

Take  a  2-grain  tablet  three  or  four 
times  a  day.     To  break  up  cold, 
take  two  or  three  capsules  with  a 
pint  of  hot  drink  on  going  to  bed. 
Headache,    fever    and    "grippe." 
Take  one  every  three  hours  till  re- 
lieved. 
Laxative. 

For  sour  stomach,  take  a  teaspoon- 
ful  in  a  glass  of  water.  Sip  slowly 
before  meals. 

For  indigestion,  colic  and  sour 
stomach,  dissolve  on  tongue. 
For  sores  in  the  mouth,  dissolve  in 
hot  water,  touch  sores  with  it  and 
rinse  out  mouth.  For  hoarseness, 
dissolve  slowly  on  back  of  tongue 
every  two  or  three  hours. 

118 


Collodion : 
Tinct.  of  Iodine : 

Lysol : 

El-chloride  Tablets : 

Oil  of  Cloves : 

Ess.  of  Peppermint 
Jamaica  Ginger : 

Sweet  Spts.  of 
Nitre : 

Boracic  Acid : 


Paint  over  sore  to  protect  and 
make  artificial  covering. 

Dilute  in  half  hot  water,  and  paint 
for  sprains  or  bruises.  Mix  1  part 
in  400  parts  of  water  for  irrigation 
of  abscesses. 

Teaspoonful  to  a  quart  of  water 
for  antiseptic  wash. 

One  dissolved  in  a  quart  of  warm 
water  is  a  strong  antiseptic.  It  is 
a  violent  poison,  and  very  danger- 
ous to  have  with  other  tablets. 

For  tooth-ache,  dampen  a  small 
piece  of  cotton  and  put  in  cavity  of 
tooth. 

For  colic  of  infants,  use  one  drop 
in  two  ounces  of  sweetened  water. 

For  stomach  ache  and  cramps  with 
or  without  diarrhoea. 

Five  to  ten  drops  three  times  a 
day  in  water,  to  break  up  chil- 
dren's cold  or  fever. 

For  washing  cuts  and  sores,  use  % 
teaspoonful  in  one  ounce  of  water. 
For  mouth  wash,  nose  wash,  and 
eye  wash,  use  half  above  strength. 
For  dry  wounds,  use  a  powder. 

119 


Antiphlogistine :  For  bruises  and  sprains  apply  hot, 
on  a  cloth,  spread  as  thick  as  a  sil- 
ver dollar. 

Flaxseed:  When  making  poultices  of  flax- 

seed,  make  them  large,  and  as  wet 
as  possible,  but  not  so  soft  as  to 
run. 

NOTES 

Spoons  are  inaccurate  measures  for  medicines.  Al- 
ways use  medicine  glass  measures. 

Keep  moderately  small  nail-brush  clean  for  scrub- 
bing areas  around  wounds. 

Poisons :  When  a  person  has  taken  a  poison,  give 
ipecac  immediately  to  produce  vomiting.  When  the 
poison  is  a  corrosive,  give  the  white  of  two  or  three  eggs 
with  the  ipecac. 

In  case  of  sudden  exhaustion,  heart  failure,  etc., 
place  the  person  on  his  back  and  apply  external  heat. 


120 


WEATHER  SIGNS 


WEATHER  SIGNS 

A  housekeeper  is  greatly  aided  in  planning  her  work 
if  she  can  forecast  the  weather,  and  the  following  prov- 
erbs are  given  to  show  how  one  may  predict  a  change  in 
weather  by  the  action  of  the  atmosphere  on  various 
things : 

When  walls  are  unusually  damp,  rain  is  expected. 

Horses  sweating  in  the  stable  is  a  sign  of  rain. 

Doors  and  windows  are  hard  to  shut  in  damp 
weather. 

Flies  sting  and  are  more  troublesome  than  usual 
when  the  humidity  increases  before  rain. 

Sailors  note  the  tightening  of  the  cordage  on  ships  as 
a  sign  of  coming  rain. 

Sensitive  plants  contract  their  leaves  and  blossoms 
when  the  humidity  increases. 

A  piece  of  seaweed  hung  up  will  become  damp  pre- 
vious to  rain. 

A  lump  of  hemp  acts  as  a  good  hygrometer,  and 
prognosticates  rain  when  it  is  damp. 

Tobacco  becomes  moist  preceding  rain. 

When  rheumatic  people  complain  of  more  than  or- 
dinary pains  it  will  probably  rain. 

122 


'  When  the  locks  turn  damp  in  the  scalphouse  surely 
it  will  rain."—  (American  Indians.) 

If  corns,  wounds  and  sores  itch  or  ache  more  than 
usual,  rain  is  likely  to  fall  shortly. 

When  matting  on  the  floor  is  shrinking,  dry  weather 
may  be  expected.  When  matting  expands,  expect  wet 
weather. 

Ropes  shorten  with  an  increase  of  humidity. 

Ropes  being  difficult  to  untwist  indicate  rain. 

Quarries  of  stone  and  slate  indicate  rain  by  a  moist 
exudation  from  the  stones. 

Salt  increases  in  weight  before  rain. 

A  farmer's  wife  says  when  her  cheese  salt  is  soft  it 
will  rain,  when  getting  dry,  fair  weather  may  be  ex- 
pected. 

' '  If  metal  plates  and  dishes  sweat  it  is  a  sign  of  bad 
weather. ' '—  (Pliny.) 

"  Three  foggy  or  misty  mornings  indicate  rain."— 
(Oregon.) 

A  rising  fog  indicates  fair  weather ;  if  the  fog  settles 
down,  expect  rain. 

Fog  from  seaward,  fair  weather ;  fog  from  landward, 
rain.— (New  England.) 

Hoarfrost  indicates  rain. 

Heavy  frosts  bring  heavy  rain;  no  frosts,  no  rain.— 
(California.) 

The  larger  the  halo  about  the  moon  the  nearer  the 
rain  clouds  and  the  sooner  the  rain  may  be  expected. 

123 


When  the  perfume  of  flowers  is  unusually  percep- 
tible, rain  may  be  expected. 

When  the  mountain  moss  is  soft  and  limpid  expect 
rain.  When  mountain  moss  is  dry  and  brittle  expect 
clear  weather. 

Sunflowers  raising  their  heads  indicates  rain. 
Rainbow  in  morning,  shepherds  take  warning ; 
Rainbow  at  night,  shepherds'  delight. 
Rainbow  at  night,  sailors'  delight ; 
Rainbow  in  morning,  sailors'  warning. 

Rainbow  in  morning  shows  that  shower  is  west  of  us, 
and  that  we  will  probably  get  it.  Rainbow  in  the  even- 
ing shows  that  shower  is  east  of  us  and  is  passing  off. 

Snakes  expose  themselves  on  the  approach  of  rain. 

' '  In  dry  weather,  when  creeks  and  springs  that  have 
gone  dry  become  moist,  or,  as  we  say,  begin  to  sweat,  it 
indicates  approaching  rain.  Many  springs  that  have 
gone  dry  will  give  a  good  flow  of  water  just  before 
rain."— (J.  E.  Walter,  Kansas.) 

Drains,  ditches  and  dunghills  are  more  offensive  be- 
fore rain. 

Plants  are  also  better  weather  prophets  than  men. 
In  the  following  various  ways  they  show  their  wisdom : 

The  odor  of  flowers  is  more  apparent  just  before  a 
shower  (when  the  air  is  moist)  than  at  any  other  time. 

Cottomvood  and  quaking  asp  trees  turn  up  their 
leaves  before  rain. 

When  the  leaves  of  the  sugar  maple  tree  are  turned 
upside  down,  expect  rain. 

124 


The  convolvulus  folds  up  its  petals  at  the  approach 
of  rain. 

Before  rain  leaves  of  the  lime,  sycamore,  plane  and 
poplar  trees  shows  a  great  deal  more  of  their  under  side 
when  trembling  in  the  wind. 

Clover  leaves  turned  up  so  as  to  show  light  under 
side  indicate  approaching  rain. 

Corn  fodder  dry  and  crisp  indicates  fair  weather, 
but  damp  and  limp,  rain.  It  is  very  sensitive  to  hygro- 
metric  changes. 

When  the  pink-eyed  pimpernel  closes  in  the  daytime 
it  is  a  sign  of  rain. 

Milkweed  closing  at  night  indicates  rain. 

Mushrooms  and  toadstools  are  numerous  before  rain. 

The  pitcher  plant  opens  its  mouth  before  rain. 

Trees  grow  dark  before  a  storm. 

When  the  leaves  of  trees  curl,  with  the  wind  from 
the  south,  it  indicates  rain. 


125 


BEDFORD 
MINERAL 
WAT  ER 

One  of  nature's  best  known 
remedies  for  all  Liver,  Kidney, 
Bladder  and  Stomach  Troubles, 
such  as  Albuminaria,  Bright's 
Disease,  Chronic  Constipation, 
Chronic  Rheumatism,  Dyspep- 
sia, Diabetes,  Dropsy,  Gravel, 
Gallstones,  Gout,  Jaundice, 
Neurasthenia,  Obesity,  Renal 
Calculi  and  Uric  Acid  Diathesis. 

/]  Most  Pleasant  and  Effective 
^  Morning  LAXATIVE  in 
Chronic  Constipation. 

Ask  your  Physician  about  this  Water 

PACKED  IN  CASES  OF  TWELVE  HALF  GAL- 
LON BOTTLES  and  FIVE  GALLON  CARBOYS 

This  Water  is  sold  by  druggists  and 
dealers  generally.  If  you  cannot 
secure  it,  write  us.  Testimonials, 
analysis  of  water  and  descriptive  lit- 
erature on  application. 


BEDFORD  SPRINGS  HOTEL  &  BATHS 


OPEN  JUNE  TO  OCTOBER. 


For  full  information  address  the  Company 


BEDFORD  SPRINGS  COMPANY,  LTD.,  Proprietors 

H.  E.  BEMIS,  Manager  BEDFORD,  PENNSYLVANIA 


JAMES  ROSCOE  DAY,  S.T.D.,  LL.D.,  CHANCELLOR,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


JFtoe  Colleges 


THE  COLLEGE  offers  Classical,  Philosophical,  Science  and  Peda- 
gogical Courses. 

THE  COLLEGE  OF  APPLIED  SCIENCE  offers  Mechanical  En- 
gineering, Civil  Engineering  and  Electrical  Engineering  Courses. 
(New  building  and  equipment.) 

THE  COLLEGE  OF  FINE  ARTS  has  Courses  in  Architecture, 
Belles  Lettres,  Music  and  Painting. 

THE  COLLEGE  OF  MEDICINE,  one  of  the  oldest  in  the  State, 
has  a  four  years'  course.  The  late  Chancellor  Upson,  of  the 
Regents,  unsolicited,  said:  "It  is  admitted  by  all  competent 
judges  to  be  unsurpassed  in  the  State." 

THE  COLLEGE  OF  LAW  gives  instruction  by  text-book  and  case 
system.  On  its  faculty  are  some  of  the  greatest  lawyers  of  New 
York. 


SYRACUSE 

NEW  YORK 
USA 


3>2>racu0e  Crustf  Company 


UNIVERSITY    BUILDING 


Pays  $y*  Per  cent.  Interest  on  ^Deposits 

Especial  Attention    Paid  to   the  Accounts  of  Women 


F.  R.  HAZARD PRESIDENT 

GEO.  M.  BARNES TREASURER 

JAMES  M.  GILBERT SECRETARY 


and  Deposit  Company 
of  €>nonfcaga 

SYRACUSE  SAVINGS  BANK  BUILDING 

Interest  at  the  rate  of  3/^  per  cent,  per  annum  paid  on 
MONTHLY  BALANCES 

Safety  from  fire  or  burglar  secured  by  renting  a  safe 
at  from  $5  to  $50  per  year  according  to  capacity 


FRANCIS  HENDRICKS,  President 

ALBERT  K.  HISCOCK,  ist  Vice-President  JAMES  BARNES,  Secretary 

FRANK  H.  HISCOCK,  znd  Vice-President  LUCIUS  M.   KINNE,  Asst.  Secretary 


ASIDE  from  STABILITY,  STRENGTH,  and  CONSERVATIVE 
MANAGEMENT,  YOU  WANT  a  PLEASANT,  CONVENIENT 
PLACE  IN  WHICH  TO  DO  YOUR  BANKING  BUSINESS 


Commercial  Rational  H5anfe 
of 


INVITES   INSPECTION   OF   ITS    BEAUTIFUL   BANKING    ROOMS 


Capital  $5OO,OOO  Surplus  $2OO,OOO 


HENDRICK  S.  HOLDEN,  President 
GEORGE  M.  BARNES,  Vice-President 
ANTHONY  LAMB,  Cashier 


5Ftrut  Rational  Banfe 

SYRACUSE,    N.  Y. 

Capital  $250,000  Sutpltl*  $250,000 


E.  B.  JUDSON,  President 

C.  W.  SNOW,  Vice-President 

F.  W.  BARKER,  2nd  Vice-President 
E.  S.  TEFFT,  Cashier 

J.  W.  WALTER,  Asst.  Cashier 


"Directors 

E.   B.  JUDSON  F.  W.   BARKER 

DENNIS  MCCARTHY  HORACE  WHITE  E.  i.  RICE 

C.  W.  SNOW  F.  R.  HAZARD  C.   M.   CROUSE 

O.  V.  TRACY  H.  S.  HOLDEN  A.  P.  FOWLER 


SYRACUSE  SAVINGS  BANK 

CHARLES  P.  CLARK,  President 

AUSTIN  C.  CHASE,  ist  Vice-Pres.        CHARLES   BLUST,  Paying  Teller 
JOHN  DUNN,  JR.,  2nd  Vice-Pres.  A.  R.  BALDWIN,  Receiving  Teller 

A.  F.  LEWIS,  Sec.  and  Treas.  GEORGE  DOHENY,  Attorney 

TRUSTEES 

ALFRED  A.  HOWLETT  AUSTIN  C.  CHASE  CHARLES  HUBBARD 

FRANK  HISCOCK  EDWARD  JOY  WING  R.  SMITH 

A.  J.  NORTHRUP  DENNIS  MCCARTHY  JACOB  AMOS 

CHARLES  P.  CLARK  FRANCIS  HENDRICKS  J.  FRANK  DURSTON 

GEORGE  DOHENY  RICHARD  W.  JONES  HARVEY  A.  MOYER 

JOHN  DUNN.  JR. E.  D.  DICKINSON NICHOLAS  PETERS,  (JR.) 

Onondaga  County  Savings  Bank 

SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

ASSETS    .     .  $21.742.000 


EDWARD   8.  DAWSON,  Pretident  CLINTON  T.  ROSE,  Treasurer 

Kty  $)ercl)am$  /Rational  Bank 

Established  in  i8$i 

Capital,  $180,000    -    Surplus,  $2$O,OOO 

SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

H.  W.  PLUMB,  Prei.      WM.  H.  WARNER,  V.-Pret.      CHAS.  A.   BRIDGMAN,  Cashier 

Accounts  of  Corporations,  Firms  and  Individuals  solicited 

This  is  the  oldest  and  one  of  the  most  flourishing  banking  institutions  in  the  city 

STATE  BANK  OF  SYRACUSE 

Capital  $100,000       Surplus,  $100,i 


ALBERT  K.  HISCOCK,  Pres.  FRANCIS  HENDRICKS,  V.-Pret.  GEO.  A.  WOOD,  Cashier 

BANKING  ROOMS,  FIRST  FLOOR  OF  SYRACUSE  SAVINGS  BANK  BLDG. 

Transacts  a  General  Banking  Business   :  Drafts  to  all  parts  of  the 
•world  :  Collections  made  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States 


Springs  Rational  Banfc 


CAPITAL,  :::::::  $200,000 

W.  H.  STANSFIELD,  Prttidtut 
LEONARD  H.  GROESBECK,  Cathitr  G.  H.  AVERY,  Ant.  Catkitr 

Transacts  a  General  Banking  'Business. 

Commercial  Accounts  Especially  Solicited.  Ladies'  Department  a  Feature 

JWeadoWs,  Williams  &  Co. 

Members  of  the  New  Yor1<,  Stodc,  Exchange 

208  to  214  vT.  A.  &  K.   "BUILDING 

Ntta  York  Corr.jporKj.nu.  POJT  f>  FLAGG 

A.  R.  DICKINSON,  fAgr.    ™""'§K'i.  N.V2 

T.  A.  McINTYRE   &   CO. 

MEMBERS  OF  NEW  YORK  STOCK  EXCHANGE 

Stocks ,  Bonds,  Grain,  Provisions,  Cotton  and  Coffee 

We  make  a  specialty  of  Bonds,  Investment  and  all  Local  Securities.     Private 
wires  to  New  York  and  Chicago.    Old  phone  1x74  and  1797:  new  phone  1174 

Represented  by  GEO.  C.  RYAN,  Member  of  Chicago  Board  of  Trade 
Offices   7,  8   and  9  White  Memorial   Building 

STOPPANI  9  HOTCHKIN 

MEMBERS    OF    N.  Y.  CONSOLIDATED   STOCK 
EXCHANGE,    CHICAGO     BOARD     OF    TRADE 

Tates  Hotel  Writing  Room                          Special  Ladies'  Department 
L.  J.    MINAHAN MANAGER 

OLD  'PHONE  677.  NEW  'PHONE  81 

Stocks,  Bonds  and  Grain  bought  and  sold  for  Cash  or  on  Margin 
'Direct  Wires  to  Main  Office— 66  Vroadivay,  N.  Y. 


I 


Iron  Works 

W.  D.  DUNNING 

329  West  Water  Street,  Syracuse 


jFurniture     :    Carpets 


BROWN,  CURTIS 
&  BROWN 

Makers    and    Retailers 


WHEN  YOU  DO  BUSINESS  HERE 
YOU  ARE  IN  TOUCH  WITH 
PROGRESS,  RELIABILITY 
COMFORT  AND  ECONOMY 


411-415  SOUTH  SALINA  STREET 


Standard    and    late. 


A  handsome  line  —  stylish 
—  complete  —  prices    low. 


(Engrafting; 


Up-to-date  in  every  respect 
—  work  unexcelled.  One 
of  our  special  features. 


W.-Y.  FOOTE  CO. 

UNIVERSITY  BLOCK 

WARREN    STREET 


No  Odor   •    No  Dust 
Saves  labor  and  time 

— — —  and  —————— 

Gives  a  bright  shine 

A   Free    Sample   Mailed   on    Receipt   of   a    Two-Cent  Stamp 
G.  W.  WALSH,  Manufacturer  C.  F.  POPE,  Sole  Agent 

NEW  YORK  J9-4I   CORTLANDT  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


WARNER  &  KIMMAN 


Successors    to 
Chas.  Listman 


SELECT  HAND-SCREENED 


Office  and  Yard  :   1043  No.  State  cor.  Catawba  Sts. 

Telephones  .......  Old  66o-I,  New  157 


BALL  BEARING  LAWN  MOWE,R. 

EASIEST      RUNNING  CLEANEST      CUTTING 

For  Sale  by  the  Hardware  Trade 
E.  C.  STEARNS  &  COMPANY,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


M.  E.  LACY 

327  South  Salina  Street 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Ladies'  and  Children's  Fur- 
nishings <&  Infants'  Outfit- 
ters^ Yarns,  Art  Embroidery 


jjoes 


For  the  Whole 
Family 


At  the  Cash  Shoe  and  Rubber 
House  334  E.  Genes ee  Street, 
329  E.Fayette  St. ,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

W.  H.  KELLER 


NEAL 
HYDE 


USE  THE 


CAZENOVIA, 
SKANEATELES 

and 

ONEIDA  LAKE 


ICE 


which  is  absolutely  Pure  and  sold 
only  by  the 

PEOPLES  ICE  CO. 

New  156       Phones       156- A  Old 


Frank  M.  Moore 

IMPORTER 
G  ROGER 

James  Street  •  Moore  Block 
OW  Phone  940  .   New  Phone  432 

* 

Fancy    and    Staple 
GROCERIES  &r  MEATS 

Family  Wines  and  Liquors 
At    Wholesale   and   Retuil 


DUNN 

SALMON 

CO. 


D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  CO.'S 

SCRANTON  COAL 

Wholesale   and  Retail 

HOLDEN  &  SONS,  Agents 

GRIDLEY  BUILDING  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

Syracuse  Malleable  Iron 
Works 


Casting* 


SYRACUSE,     N.    Y. 


Cbe  Gregorian  Rotel 


35TH  STREET,  WEST 

Between  5th  Avenue  and  Herald  Square,  New  York 


EUROPEAN   PLAN 


A  new  fire-proof  hotel,  and  one  of  the  most  elegantly 

appointed  in  New  York.     Convenient  to 

shopping  and  theatre  district. 

Superb  restaurant 

AVERILL    &    GREGORY 


Onondaga  Pottery  Co 


MANUFACTURERS  AND  DECORATORS 
OF 


CHINA 


Syracuse,     New    York 


OUR  MOTTO:   "QUALITY.  NOT  QUANTITY" 

The  Cazenovia  Canning  Co. 

CAZENOVIA,  N.  Y. 
Packers  of  Strictly  High  Grade 

VEGETABLES 

AND 

FRUITS. 


The  following  brands  are  sold  in  Syracuse  exclusively 

by  Andrews,  Loomis  &  Andrews,  at  the 

Mowry  and  Fayette  Park  stores 

"  OWAHGENA,"  "  CAZENOVIA  LAKE  " 
and  "  SEMINARY." 


EDWARD    JOY 

Water  and  Steam  Heating 
Plumbing,  Electric  Wiring 
Lighting  Fixtures  <3§  6§  <3§ 


INVITATION  IS  EXTENDED  TO  CALL  AND  LOOK  THROUGH  MY  LARGE   SHOW 

ROOMS,  SHOWING  THE   LATEST  DESIGNS  IN  HEATING  APPARATUS 

PLUMBING   FIXTURES,   LIGHTING   FIXTURES,    ETC. 


Established  185$ 

E.M.Alleivelt&Bro. 

Designers  and  Contractors 

for  all  kinds  of  Interior 

Work  and  Decorations 

of  every  description 

Architectural  Wood-workers 

Fine  Furniture,  Carpets 
Oriental  T(.ugs,  Draperies,  etc. 

Exclusive  Designs  and  Colorings 

in  French,   German,  English 

and  Japanese  Wall  Papers 

421  S.  Salina  St.,  Syracuse,  N.  T. 


S.  ROSENBLOOM 
&  SONS 

Dtp  (gooDg 

Cloaks  and  Suits,  Furniture 
Carpets,  Pianos,  and  Shoes 

EVERYTHING  TO  WEAR  AND 
EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  HOME 

Newest  Styles     :     Lowest  Prices 


216-222  SOUTH  SALINA  ST. 


UNSURPASSED  BREAKFAST  DRINK. 


UNEQUALLED  FOR  EATING.  DRINKING  a  COOKING. 


PREMIUM 


miiliiuiii mmimmiMiu" 


BLUE 
WRAPPER. 


CHOCOLATE 

FOR  DRINKING.  COOKING,  CREAMS  89 
£0£0A  S  CHOCOLATES, 

FOR  PURITY  OF  MATERIAL        IIUCIIDDACCCn 
FORDELICIOUSNESS  OF  FLAVOR  UNS)UKrllil9tU. 

GROCERS    EVERYWHERE. 


COMMUNITY 
•    •  SILVER  •    • 

Made  by  ONEIDA   COMMUNITY,  ONEIDA,  N.  Y. 
Spoons,  Forks  and  Knives 

in  every  line   of  which  there  is  a  deeper 

artistic  meaning  than   has  ever 

been  produced  before 

More  than  Triple  Plate  :   Warranted  for  25  Years 


ASK      YOUR 
DEALER 


John  H.  Mann  &  Co. 

WHOLESALE    AND    RETAIL 

GROCERS 


Teas  and  Coffees,  Fruits  and  Vegetables 

"Bakers  of  Fine  Baked  Goods 
Also,  Fancy  Wafers,  Olives  and  Confectionery 

BASTABLE   BLOCK 


NONESUCH 

^v  Year  Round 

(5! UICKJEL     Jelly  Dessert 

makes  Jelly  and  makes  it  quick 

Orange    :    Lemon   :    Raspberry   :   Strawberry  :  Wild  Cherry 
1  Oc  Packages  Serve  Six 

Liquid  Flavors 

in  Soluble  Sealed  Flavor  Cups 

Never  Lose  Strength 

CHOCOLMPlK 


TOO 


At  the  Grocer's  who  sells  you 

None  Such  Mince  Meat 


MERRELL-SOULE  COMPANY   :  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


Easy  Bread 
Making 

'with  the 

Universal 
"Bread  Maker 

Mixes  and  kneads  dough  thor- 
oughly in  3  minutes,  without 
hands  touching  the  dough. 

Praised 

by  every  user  as  a  labor  saving 
device  that  makes  better  bread 
than  our  mothers  ever  did.  You 
take  no  chances  in  buying  as  we 
guarantee  it  satisfactory.  Money 
refunded  if  it  does  not  please. 
Sold  by 

<Burbam  &  Black  Co. 

136  &  138  No.  Salina  St.,    Syratute,  If.  Y. 


Syracuse 
Dry  Goods 
Company 


MILLSPAUGH 

& 

GREEN 


COAL 

WHOLESALE 

AND 

RETAIL 


OFFICE  I    GRIDLBY   BUILDING 


The  Rubber  Store  is 
the  Place  to  "Buy 
Rubber  Good 

HOWLETTS 

RUBBER 
STORE 


212  &  214  S.  Clinton  Street 


VFhat  Abraham  Lincoln  did  for 
the  colored  race 

GAS   RANGES 


and 


GAS  HEATERS 


are  doing  for  womankind 

The  modern  woman  takes  life  easy — she  has  a  Gas 
Range  in  her  kitchen.  She  is  not  tied  down  to 
drudgery  all  day  long.  The  meals  are  cooked 
better ,  quicker,  easier  and  cheaper  with  gas.  A  gas 
range  kitchen  is  a  clean  kitchen. 


Ranges  sold  at  cost  and  connected  free  by 

SYRACUSE  LIGHTING  CO. 

No.  112  East  Jefferson  Street,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


We  do  not  ask  you  to  buy  Coal  of  us  on 
our  account,  but  on  account  of  our  Coal 

EDWARD  I.  RICE,  Inc. 


COAL  EXCHANGE  BUILDING 


121  E.  WATER  STREET 


LARNED  &  BARKER 

Tirug  gists  "*%SSXC-  Chemists 


Hospital  and  Physicians'  Supplies  and 
Fine   Prescription  Work   A   Specialty 


144  EAST  GENESEE  STREET 


SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


THE 

SYRACUSE  EVENING 
HERALD 


HUDSON  "BROS. 


M3f)ole0ale  (grocers 


SYRACUSE 


NEW  YORK 


G.   TAILLIAR 

lFrenc|)  JDper  anU  Cleaner 

All  Kinds  of  Clothing 
Cleaned  and  Dyed  in  all 
Latest  Parisian  Styles 

439  S.  Salina  St.,  Syracuse,  N.Y. 
New  phone  1513  Old  phone  1533! 

H.  J.  HOWE 


G  F.  SAUL 


OLIVE     •     OIL 


AN  ANNOUNCEMENT  ANENT  AN  OIL 
PRODUCED  FROM  OLIVES  GROWN  ON 
THE  MOUNTAINS  OF  T  US  C  AN  Y  j«  j«  # 


HOUSE-KEEPER,   now-a-days,  finds 

many  uses  for  high-grade  Olive  Oil,  and  we  take 
pleasure  in  announcing  that  we  are  the  distributors 
for  a  firm  of  Leghorn  exporters  who  are  supplying 
us  with  an  oil  which  connoisseurs  pronounce  to  be 
equal  to  the  best  that  they  have  ever  tested. 


This  Oil  is  made  from  Olives  grown  on  the  mountain  sides  of  Tuscany  and  its  exquisitely 
delicious  flavor  tells  of  the  warmth  and  mountain  breezes  of  that  sunny  clime.  Oils  made 
from  upland  grown  Olives  are  vastly  superior  to  the  product  of  the  heavily  fertilized  trees 
of  the  lowlands. 


to  0ee  tjat  "  jFuugt  Cream  JLucca 

SOLD  IN  FANCY  LACQUERED  TINS 
HOLDING  GALLONS,  ONE-HALF  GAL- 
LONS AND  QUARTS,  RESPECTIVELY 


ANDREWS    BROTHERS 

Grocers      and      Importers 
SYRACUSE,     NEW     YORK 


W.  K.  NIVER 
:  COAL  : 
COMPANY 


Wholesale 
an  d  Retail 


LEHIGH  VALLEY 
ANTHRACITE 
and  HIGH  GRADE 
BITUM  INOUS 

COAL 


2OO  East  Genesee  Street 
Syracuse,  New  Tork 


T7CONOMICAL 
•Lrf  folk  who  have 
used  our  Coal  say  it 
hasn't  any  superior 
for  heating  or  cooking- 


coal 
that 
suits 


Let  us  have  your  order 
at  an  early  date  — it 
will  be  filled  promptly. 


C.  L.  Amos 
Coal  Co. 

Gridley  Bldg.          "Both  Phones  igi 


'HE  cost  of  a  typewriter  is  not 
merely  the  price.  Consider  the 
.  quality  and  amount  of  work  it  does ; 
the  time  it  saves  or  loses;  how  it 
economizes  or  wastes  ribbons  and  supplies ; 
and,  how  well  it  wears.  The  lowest-price  ma- 
chine may  be  mighty  expensive  in  the  end, 
while  a  higher-price  one  may  pay  dividends.  A 
little  investigation  will  show  that 


SmithPremier 

The  World's  Best  Typewriter 

is  the  most  economical  writing  machine  ever 
made.  It  not  only  does  the  best  and  speediest 
work,  but  it  wears  far  longer,  and  in  the  end 
costs  less  money,  than  any  other  make  of  writing 
machine. 

Write  to-day  for  our  little  book  which 
explains  why.  High-Grade  Typewriter 
Supplies.  Machines  Rented.  Stenog- 
raphers Furnished. 

The  Smith  Premier 
Typewriter     Company 

East  Genesee  and  Washington  Sts. 
SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


APR  0? 2009 


RETURN        MARIAN  KOSHLAND  BIOSCIENCE  AND 
TO  — >  NATURAL  RESOURCE  LIBRARY 

2101  Valley  Life  Sciences  Bldg.    642-2531 

LOAN  PERIOD 


7  DAYS 


ALL  BOOKS  MAY  BE  RECALLED  AFTER  7  DAYS. 


DUE  AS  STAMPED  BELOW. 

107 

FORM  NO.  DD  8                        UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY 
24M    4-00                                                   Berkeley,  California  94720-6500 

U  C  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


